Atoms & Elements
What charge do protons, neutrons, & electrons have?
Protons = positive
Neutrons = neutral
Electrons = negative
What parts of the atom make up the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What are horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Periods
What group of the periodic table has an electronegativity value of 0 (it doesn't want any electrons)?
Group 8, noble gases
What kind of bond is between a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic
Atomic number.
How many electrons can the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd energy levels hold?
2nd = 8 electrons
3rd = 18 electrons
What are the elements of group 17 (7A) called?
Halogens
Which element on the periodic table has the highest ionization energy?
Helium
What kind of bond is between 2 non-metals that share the electrons equally?
Non-polar covalent
What is the overall charge of an atom? Why?
Atoms are neutral, because the protons (positive) and electrons (negative) balance out.
What kind of electrons do we include in the Lewis Dot Diagrams?
Valence electrons
On which side of the periodic table can you find the metals?
Left.
Which element on the periodic table is the biggest (has the greatest atomic radius)?
Francium, Fr
What is the difference between a polar and nonpolar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared equally in a nonpolar bond. Electrons are shared unequally in a polar covalent bond.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Atomic mass - atomic number = # of neutrons
How many valence electrons does carbon (C) have?
4 valence electrons.
Which element is a noble gas with 3 filled energy shells?
Argon, Ar.
Which element has a smaller ionization energy: aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si)?
Aluminum, Al
What kind of bond does KNO3 have?
Ionic bond.
Order from smallest to biggest:
nucleus, electron, neutron, atom
What is one limitation of the Bohr model? (What makes it not completely accurate to real life atoms?)
a. An atom is 3D.
b. The atom is not drawn to scale (we cannot see an atom & the ratio of the nucleus to energy shells is off).
Which 2 groups of the periodic table are most reactive?
Group 1 and group 7.
Why is oxygen, O, more reactive than carbon, C?
Oxygen has a greater electronegativity than carbon (aka. it wants electrons more because it's closer to 8).
An unknown substance does not dissolve in water, nor does it conduct electricity. What kind of bond does it have?
Nonpolar covalent.