Fluid and Electrolytes #1
How much oral fluid intake should an adult consume in a day?
1800-300 mL
What is 2500mL/day
If the pt is experiencing nausea and vomiting what classification of medication would the nurse anticipate the MD to order?
What is an antiemetic
Name 3 foods high in sodium content?
What is processed meats such as hot dogs and cold cuts, fast food, frozen meals, cheeses, soups and juices, salted snack foods etc.
2 S/S of hypercalcemia?
What is deep bone pain, constipation, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, polyuria, thirst, pathologic fractures, kidney stones
Can I as a nurse IV push potassium?
What is NO NO NO
2 teachings for low -sodium diet
ketchup, processed foods, soy sauce, cold cuts, dressings, dairy, chips/pickles...
Explain what hemoconcentration is?
What is High ratio of blood components in relation to watery plasma
2 important dietary/fluid teachings for a pt dx with hypovolemia
What is: respond to thirst, consume at least 8-10 (8 oz) glasses of fluid each day, drink water as an inexpensive means to meet fluid requirements, avoid beverages with alcohol and caffeine because they increase urination and contribute to fluid losses.
What is ascites and how do we assess treatment of it?
Accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
What is measurements of abdominal girth
2 S/S of hyponatremia?
What is mental confusion, muscular weakness, anorexia, restlessness, elevated body temperature, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting
antidote of magnesium
calcium gluconate
2 things that could cause electrolyte imbalances
diarrhea, vomitting, copd, hyperventilation, GI suctioning
What can hemoconcentration place the pt at risk for?
What is Blood clots, urinary stones, and compromises the kidney's ability to excrete nitrogen wastes.
3 Signs and Symptoms of hypovolemia?
What is decreased B/P, rapid weak thready pulse, rapid shallow respirations, dark urine scant amount, warm flushed dry skin, dry sticky mucous membranes, weakness, flat JVD.
What is the best action to restore colloidal osmotic pressure in a patient with third-spacing?
What is initiate an IV of albumin (albumin pulls the trapped fluid back into the intravascular space)
2 S/S of hypernatremia?
What is dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, rough dry tongue, lethargy, can progress to coma if the excess is severe
what can cause hypermagnesemia
MOM
What is a vesicant medication and what must be done before you admin it IV?
tissue damaging/dilute
What can dark concentrated urine indicative of?
What is dehydration or fluid volume deficit
3 Signs and symptoms of hypervolemia?
What is weight gain, increased b/p, full bounding pulse, moist labored respirations, cool pale moist skin, pitting edema, moist mucous memberbranes, crackles or gurgles in lung fields, dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigues easily, distended JVD
If a pt has a hypernatremia, name 2 interventions
What is a low sodium diet, hypotonic solution, water intake increase
2 S/S of hypokalemia?
What is fatigue, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, leg cramps, muscle weakness, paresthesias, low t wave
Severe cases hypotension, flaccid paralysis, and even death from cardiac or respiratory arrest
What is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH?
What is the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
Explain positive chvosteks and trosseaus
I will deem yes or no.
What will labs look like with hemoconcentration or water deficiency?
What is elevated hematocrit level and elevated blood cell counts. High specific gravity.
What is postural hypotension?
What is a drop in systolic pressure of 15mm Hg after pt rises from a sitting or recumbent position
2 S/S of hypocalcemia?
What is vitamin D deficiency, circumoral paresthesia, muscle and abdominal cramps, positive chvostek sign, positive trousseau sign, mental changes, larnygeal spasms with airway obstruction, tetany, seizures, bleeding, and cardiac arrhythmias
2 S/S of hyperkalemia?
What is diarrhea, nausea, muscle weakness, paresthesias, and cardiac arrythmias, peaked t wave
What are the two organ regulators in regards to acid-base imbalances?
What is the lungs and kidneys
Name some foods high in potassium?
What is vegetables, dried peas and beans, wheat bran, bananas, orages, orage juice, melon, prune juice, potatoes and milk etc
What is normal serum pH level?
What is 7.35-7.45
What is the normal potassium level?
What is 3.5 to 5
What is the normal sodium level?
What is 136-145
What is the normal magnesium level?
What is 1.3-2.1
What is the normal calcium level?
What is 9-10.5
ROME
ph of 7.25
c02 of 40
HC03 of 17
metabolic acidosis
uncompensated