Anatomy of the eye and ear
What is the function of the macula?
It’s the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
What is conjunctivitis?
An inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly called "pink eye."
What is visual acuity and its tool?
The clarity of vision, measured with a Snellen chart.
What is conductive hearing loss?
Hearing loss caused by obstruction or damage to the outer or middle ear.
How to instill eye medication at home?
Wash hands, tilt head back, pull down the lower eyelid, and place drops in the conjunctival sac.
What are the parts of the outer ear?
The auricle and external auditory canal.
What is a cataract?
An opacity in the lens causing blurred vision.
How is color vision assessed?
Tested with color plates to identify color blindness.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Hearing loss due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve.
What is post-op care for cataract surgery?
Avoid heavy lifting, bending, and ensure eye shield use; monitor for infection.
What structures make up the middle ear?
The malleus, incus, and stapes (ossicles).
What is glaucoma?
increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve
Explain the Corneal Light Reflex Test.
Light is shone on the cornea to check reflection symmetry.
What is tinnitus?
A ringing or buzzing sound in the ears without an external source
What is the Weber Test and its purpose?
A tuning fork is placed on the forehead to test sound lateralization.
What are the functions of rods and cones?
Rods detect low light; cones detect color and sharp detail.
What is Keratitis?
Corneal inflammation due to infection or trauma.
What is a slit-lamp examination?
A microscopic exam of the eye structures for abnormalities.
What are the types of vertigo?
Peripheral vertigo (inner ear-related) and central vertigo (brain-related).
What are safety tips to prevent ear infections?
Keep ears dry, use ear plugs when swimming, avoid inserting objects, and treat infections promptly
What are the parts of the inner ear?
ncludes the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule.
What is Blepharitis?
Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins.
What is the process for checking peripheral vision?
A confrontation test where the patient identifies objects in their side vision.
What is Meniere Disease?
A disease causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
What to teach about ototoxic medications?
Educate on ototoxic drugs like aminoglycosides; monitor hearing changes.