Founding Docs
a landmark document in legal history that established fundamental principles of liberty and the rule of law
Magna Carta
is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.
Industrialization
a brief but decisive conflict between the United States and Spain
Spanish-American War
a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society
Communism
the intense competition, particularly during the Cold War, between the United States and the Soviet Union (and later, other nations) to develop, stockpile, and improve nuclear weapons
Nuclear Race
a foundational document for self-governance in the Plymouth Colony
Mayflower Compact
s the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change.
Urbanization
US Navy battleship that exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba, on February 15, 1898, killing 266 crew members
U.S.S. Maine
The political policy of promoting or protecting the interests of native-born or indigenous people over those of immigrants
Nativism
began on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite
Sputnik/Space Race
a transformative intellectual and cultural movement in 18th-century Europe that championed reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry, challenging traditional authority and promoting ideas like human rights and progress
Enlightenment
an economic system where private individuals or companies own and control the means of production (like factories, land, and resources) and where the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by market forces, driven by profit motives and competition
Capitalism
was a foreign policy approach used by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, particularly in his dealings with Latin America and the Caribbean.
Big stick Policy
periods of intense public fear and political repression in the United States, primarily associated with the perceived threat of communist or socialist ideologies.
Red Scare
a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.
Containment
are fundamental freedoms believed to be inherent to all humans, independent of any particular culture or government.
Natural Rights
were state and local statutes enforced in the Southern United States and some other states, primarily from the late 19th to mid-20th century.
Jim crow laws
officially ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Treaty of Versailles
the period of the 1920s in America characterized by significant cultural shifts, including the rise of jazz music and dance, new social freedoms for women, and a widespread sense of optimism after the Great War
Jazz age
a term coined by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the political and ideological divide between Western and Eastern Europe after World War II.
Iron Curtain
a philosophical concept where individuals in a society implicitly agree to surrender certain freedoms and rights in exchange for the protection of their remaining rights and the maintenance of social order.
Social contract
the mass relocation of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North, Midwest, and West between 1916 and 1970
Great Migration
a series of US laws passed in the 1930s to prevent the country from being drawn into another world war
Neutrality Acts
a severe global economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to 1939, marked by widespread unemployment, poverty, and the failure of businesses and banks
Great depression
a massive effort by the Western Allies, primarily the United States and the United Kingdom, to supply West Berlin after the Soviet Union imposed a blockade in 1948.
Berlin Wall/Airlift