slides 1,2,3,7,9,44,46
those born with a low birth weight (5lb, 8oz) are ___x more likely to die than normal birth weight
those born with a very low birth weight (3lb, 5oz) are ___x more likely to die
40
200
what is respiratory distress syndrome?
the deficiency of surfactant and resulting in collapse of the alveoli and subsequent inflammation
what is necrotizing enterocolitis?
intestinal ischemia
-bacteria, slower motility
-poorer blood flow (PDA)
-inadequate immune defense system
what is an intraventricular hemorrhage? (IVH)
bleeding in the germinal matrix which may extend into the lateral ventricles of brain diagnosed by head u/s
touch with mothers and their babies from carrying to exclusive breast feeding contribute to better what
relationships, less crying, better state organization
weighing between what 2 percentiles is normal for gestation
10th and 90th
how to infants with RDS present?
with cyanosis, respiratory distress, and a classic radiographic appearance (ground glass)
how does necrotizing enteocolitis present?
presents with bloody stool, abdominal distension, pneumatosis, intestinalis, thrombocytopenia
a patient formerly with intraventricular hemmorhage (IVH) are later at risk for:
post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL; necrosis of periventricular white matter)
what are benefits of kangaroo care (skin to skin)
reduced nosocomial infections and decreased later lower respiratory tract infection at 6m follow up
better weight gain
breast feeding success
no difference in mortality
elevated temperature
no difference in cardiorespiratory measures
a baby's brain at 35 weeks weighs only ____ of what it will weigh at 40 weeks
2/3
prior to 35 weeks since lungs are not fully developed
what is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
vessels in the retina of premature infants are not fully grown but have cease if sick (hypoxia or sepsis)
what is meconium aspiration (MAS)? it occurs in what percentage of deliveries? when does the liklihood of this increase?
10-20% of deliveries have Meconium stained amniotic fluid, it can disrupt surfactant and causes inflammation of lungs
-infant stooled in utero
-increases after 42weeks (post dates)
benefits of skin to skin for the mother
improved mother's sense of competence
better attatchment
higher volume and longer duration of breast feeding
higher oxytocin
rates of therapy usage increases in what population
very preterm
what is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
is normal and necessary in the fetus but abnormal postnatally
-is a vessel connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery
-in the fetus allows blood to bypass lungs (since placents is doing the 'breathing' for the fetus)
-in the infant due to changes in pressure causes overflow of blood to lungs and therefore pulmonary edema
complete retinal detachment
rods are for ______ vision
cones are for ____ vision
in full term infants the visual system is ___________
night/low light
daylight/ color
underdeveloped
the smaller the gestation, the more likely to have a _______ body temperature
lower
infants have windows of vulnerability affecting fetal development, this can be due to (list)
immature BBB
higher respiratory rates
more water intake
developmentally not able to remove self from toxic environment
immature immune and DNA repair systems
PDA occurs in about 4-10% of full term infants, it closes in about
2-3 days
what is bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
aka chronic lung disease
defined functionally by oxygen requirement at 36 weeks corrected age
lung scarring after inflammation from being on medical ventilator and RDS
oxygen toxicity
infection/inflammation
PDA
when is mother's speech distinguishable by fetus
how does the fetus respond?
3rd trimester
selectively increasing heart rate or movement
what are temperature control preventions
maintaining warm delivery room
drying the infant thoroughly
removing wet blankets
using prewarmed blankets
eliminating drafts
radiant warmers, preheated
servocontrol
awareness in staff
hats