Show:
defintions
defintions
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
N.J ask review questions
100
What is deductive reasoning
A type of thinking that starts with an assumption and then reaches conclusions based on that assumption.
100
What is an obervation
information gathered by the senses or through measurement
100
Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543), a Polish priest and astronomer, published On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs in 1543. The book argued that the motions of the planets could be better explained by assuming that Earth was a planet that orbited the sun. State two reasons why most people rejected this claim.
Many people thought that the sun revolved around the earth because the sun appears to move in the sky. Another reason is because people thought that the earth was the center of the universe so it was difficult to accept the idea that the sun revolved around earth.
100
For centuries, people who studied nature were called philosophers. In the mid nineteenth century, the word scientist was invented for such people. Suggest why the name changed when it did.
As the practice investing our world became more systematic, concerned with empirical evidence, and based on experiment and observation, the title "Natural Philosopher" no longer seems adequate.
100
Engineers need to determine both the positive and negative effects of a new technology. What process do engineers use to determine both positive and the negative effects?
A supply-demand analysis
200
What is a description
an accurate account of an event or a process
200
What is risk-benefit analysis
a study that examines the risks and benefits that a technology might bring to individual humans, human society, and the natural environment
200
Popular culture often depicts scientists or technologists as having roles in modern society. Describe one special role that popular culture assumes that scientists or technologists have in modern society.
Scientists investigate the natural world to detect its underlying patterns and rules by which it works. Technologists use the knowledge gained through scientific investigations to make products that meet the needs of society.
200
Which of the following correctly matches the person with his book?
Vesalius-On the fabric of the human body.
200
Scientists say that the sun appears to move in the sky because the Earth is rotating on its axis> This is an example of?
A belief
300
What is an explanation
an account that tells why or how an event or process happened
300
What is science
the study of the natural world, with the purpose of detecting its underlying patterns and the rules by which it works
300
Isaac Newton investigated gravity because he was curious about it. Name a technology that has benefited from Newton's work on gravity.
Popular culture depicts scientists and technologist as 'crazy' people that have the tools to improve human life
300
The philosopher Bertrand Russel once, "everything...that Aristotle said on scientific subjects proved an obstacle to progress". Explain why this is so.
Detective Treatings
300
Which sentence best summarizes why scientific knowledge over time?
Scientists easily change their minds about natural laws
400
What is an inductive reasoning
the process of reaching conclusion based on observation and experiment
400
What is society
a group of people that shares a set of political, economic, and cultural institutions
400
Aristotle claimed that heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones. How would you test this claim?
You should hold both objects at the same level and drop them at the same to see which objects fall tot eh ground first. Air resistance may make the lighter objects fall at a slower rate.
400
Engineers perform risk-benefit analyses of technologies. Which of the following is a benefit of wind power?
It does not emit hydrocarbons
500
What is inference
a conclusion reached by using what we have observed and what we think to be true
500
What is technology
the use of knowledge gained through scientific investigations to make products that meet the needs and the wants of a society
500
Give one example from the past few centuries in which some kind of authority has influenced scientific research or thought, either positively or negatively
Newton discovered gravity.
500
Which of the following correctly matches the person with his idea?
Galileo- a light object falls more slowly than a heavy one