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Definitions 1
Definitions 2
Definitions 3
Questions 2/NJ ASK 1
NJ ASK 2
100
What is boiling point? What is melting point?
Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance begins to change phases from liquid to gas. Melting point is the temperature at which a substance begins to change phases from solid to liquid.
100
What is deposition?
Deposition is the phase change in which the gas becomes a solid, bypassing the liquid phase.
100
What is temperature?
Temperature is the measurement of the average energy of motion (heat energy) of the particles of matter in a substance.
100
What is the density of a cube with sides of 4 cm and a mass of 512 g? What is the mass of a solid aluminum block with a volume of 30 cm^3 and a density of 2.7 g/cm^3? A lead bar 12 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 2 cm tall has a density of 11.3 g/cm^3, so if you cut the bar in half, what is the density of one of the halves?
(4x4x4=64 512/64=8 g/cm^3), (2.7x30=81 g), and it stays the same as 11.3.
100
What phase of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?
The liquid phase.
200
What is condensation?
Condensation is when the phases change, which a gas changes to a liquid; it releases heat energy to the surrounding.
200
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the phases change in which a solid becomes a gas; bypassing the liquid stage.
200
Why do you think temperature is the measurement of the "average" energy of motion of all the particles within a substance? Suppose you inflate a balloon at room temperature, put the balloon into a freezer, and come back an hour later, what will the balloon look like?
Temperature measures the average energy of motion of the articles because not all particles of a substance have then same energy of the motion. The particles will almost certainly have different speeds and depending on the substance some particles may have more mass than other particles. For these reasons the particles do not all have the same energy of motion, Scientists find that average energy of motion. The balloon will shrivel up and deflate because particles bouncing off the walls of the balloon keep it floating, but when they are frozen they don't move as rapidly.
200
In salt water, which is the solute and which is the solvent and how much salt will completely dissolve in 200 g of water at 0 degrees C?
Salt is the solute and the water is the solvent. 71.4 grams of salt will dissolve (35.7 x 2).
200
What process lets you see your breath when the air is cold?
The process of condensation.
300
What is density? What is mass? What is volume?
Density is the amount of mass in a given volume. D= Mass/Volume. Mass is the amount of matter in something. Volume is the amount of space an object or substance takes up.
300
What is a phase?
A phase is a state of matter.
300
What term refers to each change of phase: a pot of water boils away on a heated stove, water vapor forms frost on a window, water vapor in a cloud turns into rain, ice in Antarctica goes directly into the atmosphere.
A pot of water boils away on a heated stove-evaporation Water vapor forms frost on a window- deposition Water vapor in a cloud turns into rain-condensation Ice in Antarctica goes directly into the atmosphere-sublimation
300
Estella investigated the properties of a grayish, shiny metal with a volume of 85 cubic centimeters 9cm^3) and a mass of 212.5 grams (g). What is the density of the substance?
The density of the substance is 2.5 g/cm^3.
300
Referring to the diagram on page.94 of the NJ ASK Buckle Down workbook, the three objects shown have the same volume but different masses. What object has the lowest density?
The ball of ice.
400
What is vapor pressure? What is vaporization?
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor. Vaporization is the phase change in which a liquid changes to a gas.
400
What is a physical change?
A physical change is a change in physical properties of a substance, such as mass, volume, shape, or density, without changing the substance itself.
400
Suggest why iron's melting point is so much higher than water's, and why nitrogen's is so much lower than both iron's and water's. At sea level, water boils at 100 degrees C. on top of Mount Everest, water boils at 71 degrees C. Explain the difference.(Hint: How does air pressure change with altitude?) if 10 kg of iron melts at 1,538 degrees C, at what temperature will 5 kg of iron melt?
Iron's melting point is higher than water because the attraction of iron atoms is stronger and Nitrogen's melting point is lower than iron, and because the attraction is weaker. Air pressure decreases with altitude 50 vapor pressure at which water boils also decreases are altitude increases. The same, 1,528 degrees C.
400
Dr. Boltzmann wants to find the average energy of motion of the particles within a block of steel. What property of steel is Dr. Boltzmann trying to find out?
Dr. Boltzmann is trying to find out temperature.
400
How is sublimation different from vaporization, condensation, and melting?
Sublimation does not include a liquid phase.
500
What is heat energy?
Heat energy is the form of energy arising from the motion of all the particles in a system; moves between things that are at different temperatures; also called thermal energy.
500
What is solubility? What is a solute? What is a solution? What is a solvent?
Solubility is the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of another substance. A solute is the substance dissolved by a solvent to form a solution. A solution is a mixture in which a solute is dissolved by a solvent. Examples of this is salt water and an sugar water. A solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
500
Suppose a 100-mL graduated cylinder contains 40 mL of water. If you put a stone with a volume of 12 cm^3 into the graduated cylinder, what will the water level rise to?
52 mL
500
Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm^3. What volume of lead has a mass of 226 g?
A lead that has the mass of 226 g has a volume of 20 cm^3.
500
Arlen adds sugar to a glass of water. He stirs the water for 3 minuets. At the end of his stirring, a small amount of sugar remains at the bottom. No matter how much he stirs, he cannot get more of the sugar to dissolve. Suggest two ways Arlen could get the rest of the sugar to dissolve in the water.
Arlen can add more water or add more water.