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Definitions
Definitions
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning
NJ Ask Reveiw
100
a type of thinking that starts with an assumption and then reaches conclusions based on that assumption
What is deductive reasoning
100
A group of people that share a set of political, economical, and cultural institutions
What is society
100
Aristotle claimed heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. How would you test this theory?
You must hold two objects at the same level and drop them at the same time to see which object falls to the ground first. Air resistance may make the lighter object fall at ta slower rate.
100
The microscope was invented around the same time as the telescope. Name one scientific discovery was not possible until the invention of the microscope.
What is cells were not seen
100
which sentence best summarizes why scientific knowledge changes over time
scientists must explain new observations that challenge existing theories
200
the process if reaching conclusions based on observation and experiment
What is inductive reasoning
200
an accurate account of an event or a process
What is description
200
give on example from the few past centuries in which authority has influenced scientific research or thought, either positively or negatively
many philosophers used deductive reasoning and their conclusions were incorrect
200
write the risks and benefits of air bags in a car
1. young children can be killed 2. they could cause more damage than the car accident 1.they save lives (there are more answers for both (not listed))
200
Engineers preform risk-benefit analyses of technologies. What of the following is a benefit of wind power?
It does not emit hydrocarbons
300
products that meet the needs and wants of society
What is technology
300
an account that tells why an event or process happens
What is explanation
300
Nicholas Copernicus, a polish priest and astronomer published "On the Revolutions of Celestial Orbs" in 1543. The book argued that motions of the planets could be better explained by assuming that Earth was a planet that orbited the sun. State two reasons why most people rejected this claim.
Many people thought that the sun revolved around the earth because the sun appeared to move in the sky. Another reason is because people thought that the Earth was the center of the universe so it was difficult to accept the idea that the sun revolved around the earth.
300
wrote the risks and benefits of radiation for chemo-therapy
*results may vary* 1. saves lives 1. kills internal organs
300
Which of the following correctly matches the person with his idea
the sun, the planets and stars revolve around the Earth
400
The study of the natural world, with the purpose of detecting its underlying pattern and the rules by which it works
What is science
400
a study that examines the risks and benefits that a technology might bring to individual humans, human society, and the natural environment
What is a risk benefit analysis
400
Popular culture often depicts scientists or technologists as having special roles in modern society. Describe one special role that popular culture assumes that scientists or technologists have in modern society.
popular culture depicts technologists and scientists as crazy people that have a lot of knowledge and have tools to improve human life.
400
engineers need of determine both the positive and negative effects of a new technology. What process do engineers use to determine both the positive and negative effects?
What is a risk-benefit analysis
400
Which of the following correctly matches this person to their book
Vesalius - On the Fabric of the Human Body
500
A conclusion reached by using what we have observed and what we think to be true
What is inference
500
information gathered by the senses or measurement
What is observation
500
Issac Newton investigated gravity because he was curious about it. Name a technology that has benefited from Newton's work
What is gravity rockets and satellites
500
scientists say that the sun appears to move in the sky because the Earth is rotating on its axis. This is an example of...
What is a prediction
500
the philosopher Bertrand Russell once said "everything... that Aristotle said on scientific subjects proved an obstacle to progress. " Explain why this is so.
Aristotle's writing were treated as final authority on the work of our natural world. Unfortunately, his ideas were wrong and had to be overturned by scientific.