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Definitions
Definitions
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
NJ Ask Review Questions
100
What is deductive reasoning?
a type of thinking that starts with an assumption and then reaches conclusions based on that assumption.
100
what is observation?
information gathered by the senses or through measurement.
100
For centuries people who studied natural were called philosopher. In the mid-nineteenth century, the word scientist was invented for such people. Suggest why the name changed when it did.
As a practice of investigating the world became more systematic, concerned with empirical evidence and based in experiment and observation the title natural philosopher no longer seem adequate.
100
Isaac Newton investigated gravity because he was curious about it. Name a technology that has benefited from Newtons work on gravity.
Inductive reasoning is the process of reaching conclusion based on observation and experiment. This is the main way that science is practical today.
100
scientists say that the sun appears to move in the sky because the Earth is rotating on its axis. This is an example of...
an explanation.
200
What is description?
an accurate account of an event or a process.
200
what is risk-benefit analysis?
a study that examines the risks and benefits that technology might bring to individual human, human society, and the natural environment.
200
Aristotle claimed that heavy objects fall faster than lighter one. How would you test this claim.
Deductive reasoning is a type of thinking that starts with an assumption and then reaches conclusions based on the assumption.
200
The microscope was invented around the same as the telephone. Name one scientific discovery that was not possible until the invention of the microscope.
Microscopic forms such as cells cannot be seen and satellites.
200
Which sentence best summarizes why scientific knowledge changes over time?
science must example new observations that challenges existing theories.
300
what is explanation?
an account that tells why or how an event or process happened.
300
what is science?
the study of the natural world, with the purpose of detecting its underlying patterns and the rules by which it works.
300
Give one example from the past few centuries in which some kind of authority has influenced research or thought, either positively or negatively.
You should hols both objects at the same level and drop them at the same time to see which objects falls to the ground first. Air resistance may make the lighter objects fall at a shower rate.
300
write the following line the technology your group chose to discuss.
A risk benefit analysis examines the risk and benefits that a technology might bring to humans and the environment.
300
Engineers perform risk-benefit analyses to technologies. Which of the following is a benefit of wind power?
it does not emit hydrocarbons.
400
what is inductive reasoning?
the process of reaching conclusion based on observation an experiment.
400
what is society?
a group of people that shares a set of political, economic, and cultural institutions.
400
Nicholas Copernicus a Polish priest and astronomer, published On the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs in 1543. The book argued that the motion of the planets could be better explained by assuming that Earth was a planet that orbited the Sun. State twp reasons why people rejected claimed.
Newton discover gravity
400
The philosopher Bertrand Russell once said, every...that Aristotle said on scientific subjects proved an obstacle to progress." Explain why this is so.
Aristotle writing were treated as the final answer and as result his ideas were wrong.
400
which of the following correctly matches the person with his ideas?
Aristotle-heavy and light objects fall at the same speed.
500
what is inference?
a conclusion reached by using what we have observed and what we think to be true?
500
what is technology?
The use of knowledge gained through scientific investigations to make products that meet the needs and the wants of a society/.
500
popular culture movies comic books and so on often depicts scientific or technologists as having special roles in modern society.Describe one special role that popular culture assume that scientists or technologists have in modern society.
Many Philosophers used deductive reasoning and their conclusion were incorrect.
500
Engineers need to determine both the positive and negative effects of a new technology. What process do engineers use to determine both the positive and the negative effects.
a risk benefit analysis
500
which of the following correctly matches the person with his books?
Vesalius-the Almagest Galen-on the Revolution of the Celestial Orbs.