Personality
Draw & Explain Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety
Physiological
What is a trait?
A disposition to behave consistently in a particular way – or adjectives that we think of descriptors: friendly, mean, thoughtful, etc.
A mental disorder is defined as a syndrome – a set of related conditions.
What are the Four Ds we look at?
Disturbance … of thought, emotion, or behavior
Dysfunction … of biological/developmental processes
Distress (Disability) … in everyday life
Deviant … thought, emotion, or behavior, but only if it is also dysfunctional
Define Bipolar Disorder.
A mood disorder characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low and very high moods.
DIGFAST (Distractibility, Indiscretion, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity increased, Sleep(less), Talkativeness
What is tardive dyskinesia?
Repetitive, involuntary movements of the jaw, tongue, face, and mouth and body tremors resulting from the extended use of traditional antipsychotic drugs
List the levels of unconscious according to Freud. What purpose do they serve?
Freud believed that our unconscious mind contains all our drives, urges and motivations. The unconscious is composed of the Id (seat of impulse and desire), the Ego (the mind or sense of self), and the Superego (our conscience)
List the types of personality measures.
Behavioral observation
Interviewing
Projective tests
Personality questionnaires
Social Network Measurement of Personality
Define Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
– a childhood disorder characterized by the inability to focus attention for more than a few minutes, to remain still and quiet, and to do careful work
Explain the 3 types of phobias.
Social phobia – fear of humiliation around others, show intense self-consciousness about one’s appearance &/or behavior
Agoraphobia – an anxiety disorder involving fear of being in places that escape may be difficult or in help may not be available if a panic attack occurs
Specific phobias – an ongoing and irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity
What is an SSRI?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) – drugs prescribed primarily for depression and some anxiety disorders; they work by making more serotonin more available in the synapse
What is the earliest form of personality? When does our personality start to develop?
Temperament- Begins in the womb – activity and heart rate are predictors of eating and sleeping habits
List & Explain the Big 5 Personality Traits.
Openness to experience: ‘depth, breadth, originality & complexity to mental and experimental life’
Conscientiousness: ‘socially prescribed social control’ Extraversion: ‘an ‘energetic approach’ to society’
Agreeableness: ‘prosocial and communal orientation towards other people’
Neuroticism: ‘negative emotionality,’
Define Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
– a childhood disorder characterized by severe language and social impairment along with repetitive habits and inward focused behaviors
Explain generalized anxiety & panic disorder.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder – a state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least six months
Panic Disorder – an anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more attacks
Which are more dangerous Benzodiazepines or Barbiturates?
Barbiturates – a class of anxiety-reducing sedatives that can be addictive and carry a risk of overdose
Explain Carl Jung's Theory.
Jung believed that who we are is composed of archetypes and that we all have a collective unconscious and a personal unconscious. These being shared, ancestral experiences and our own, individual experiences.
What is Dialectic Behavior Therapy?
A treatment that integrates elements of CBT with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation; useful for BPD
Define Schizophrenia.
A psychotic disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thought and emotion, specifically problems with perception, including hallucinations.
Explain Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
An anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors
Obsession – an unwanted thought/word/phrase/ image that continuously comes into one's mind and causes distress
Compulsion – a repetitive behavior done in response to uncontrollable urges or a ritualistic set of rules
What is a prefrontal lobotomy?
A form of psychosurgery in which the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain are severed; no longer in use!
Explain Adler's Theory.
Adler believed that we strive for superiority (or main drive in life). He’s responsible for the idea of ‘compensating’ and the inferiority complex.
Explain Dissociative Identity Disorder.
A disorder in which a persona develops at least two distinct personalities, each with its own memories, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
Explain the 2 depressive disorders.
Major depressive disorder – a mood disorder characterized by pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, low energy, and feelings of worthlessness and guilt for at least two consecutive weeks
Persistent depressive disorder – a form of depression that is milder in intensity but longer in duration than major depressive disorder
Explain PTSD.
A type of trauma- and stressor-related disorder that involves intrusive and persistent cognitive, emotional, and physiological symptoms triggered by catastrophic or horrifying events.
** Anyone experiencing trauma can have PTSD
What are technology-based treatments?
Therapies that make use of technology or the Internet to complement current therapies or make psychotherapeutic techniques available to more people. Such as, Virtual reality therapies – therapies that use virtual (digital stimulation) environments to create therapeutic situations that would be difficult otherwise