Kings and Queens
This Egyptian queen, known for her alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, ruled as the last pharaoh of Egypt.
Who is Cleopatra?
This 1776 document, drafted primarily by Thomas Jefferson, declared the 13 American colonies independent from Britain.
Declaration of Independence
This Italian polymath painted the Mona Lisa and sketched designs for inventions like a flying machine.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
This river valley, known as the “Cradle of Civilization,” was home to ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
Discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, this antibiotic revolutionized medicine by treating bacterial infections.
What is penicillin?
This Mongol leader, born Temüjin, unified tribes to create the largest contiguous empire in history by the early 13th century.
Who is Genghis Khan?
This 1791 set of amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedoms like speech, religion, and the press.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This ancient Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates, wrote The Republic and founded the Academy in Athens.
Who is Plato?
This African river, the longest in the world, was central to the development of ancient Egyptian civilization.
What is the Nile River?
This 19th-century French chemist’s process of heat-treating liquids, named after him, made milk safer to drink.
What is pasteurization?
This Russian tsar, reigning in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, modernized his country by adopting Western technologies and expanding its navy.
Who is Peter the Great?
This 1215 document, signed at Runnymede, limited the power of the English monarchy and inspired modern constitutional law.
What is the Magna Carta?
This 19th-century British naturalist proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his work On the Origin of Species.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This mountain range, stretching across South Asia, served as a natural barrier for invasions into the Indian subcontinent during ancient times.
What is the Himalayas?
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick described the double-helix structure of this molecule, the blueprint of life.
What is DNA?
This French king, known as the “Sun King,” built the opulent Palace of Versailles in the 17th century.
Who is Louis XIV?
This 1863 U.S. presidential proclamation declared the freedom of slaves in Confederate states.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This ancient Chinese philosopher, born around 551 BCE, developed teachings on ethics and governance that shaped East Asian culture.
Who is Confucius?
This strategic waterway, ceded to Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, controls access between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.
What is the Strait of Gibraltar?
In 1869, this Russian chemist developed the periodic table, organizing elements by their atomic properties.
Who is Dmitri Mendeleev?
This 16th-century English queen, daughter of Henry VIII, restored Protestantism and defeated the Spanish Armada. Also known as the Virgin Queen.
Who is Elizabeth I?
Signed in 1919, the Treaty of Versailles officially ended this global conflict that began in 1914.
World War I?
This 17th-century English mathematician formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, revolutionizing physics.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This South American mountain range, home to the Inca Empire, stretches along the western coast of the continent.
What is the Andes?
In 1905, this physicist’s paper on the photoelectric effect, explaining light’s particle behavior, earned him a Nobel Prize.
Who is Albert Einstein?