Show:
Earth's Layers
Earth's Moving Crust
Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Miscellaneous
100
What are the three main layers of the earth and what are they composed of?
The core (composed of solid inner and a liquid outer core). The mantle (composed of a very thick layer of mostly solid rock of mainly oxygen, silicon, and magnesium). The crust (composed of oxygen, silicon, aluminum).
100
What exactly is continental drift?
According to the concept of continental drift, Earth's continents have slowly drifted, by moving through the ocean floor. And according to the concept, at one point all the continents were formed to join a single landmass named Pangaea.
100
How do volcanoes affect Earth's surface?
It can explode some of Earth's surface, the ash can pile up and make everything be and look dirty, lava can run onto Earth's crust and burn down trees, and plants and anything flammable. Also, when the lava dries up it creates lava rocks everywhere. Also, it creates a very deadly gas that can kill people and any chance of wildlife. It can cause torrents of water, mud, rock, and debris.
100
What is the normal fault and what creates it?

The normal fault is when the footwall is above the hanging wall. Tension force creates a normal fault. 

100
What is a reverse fault and what creates it?

The reverse fault is when the hanging wall is above the foot wall. Compression force creates a reverse fault.

200
What is the difference between continental crust and oceanic crust?
Continental crust has a density of about 2.7 g/cubic cm and is made of mostly granite, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Oceanic crust has a density of about 3.3 g/cubic cm and has a mostly basalt composition, and is much thinner than continental crust. In some places, oceanic crust is only a few kilometers thick but in some places, it is much thicker. Oceanic crust ranges in thickness from about 5 km to about 10 km. 
200
What is the evidence of the supercontinent Pangaea?
Supposedly all the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. Also, an identical fossil of a dinosaur was found in both Africa and South America. Also, coal beds were found in Antarctica. Also, glacial rocks were found in Africa.
200
Describe a Shield Volcano.

A shield volcano has gently sloping flanks and erupts runny lava. It produces quiet eruptions and it forms at hotspots.

200

Describe the Primary Wave.

The primary wave which is also referred to as compressional waves, it travels parallel to the direction of motion, it travels through the planet, it travels through solids and liquids and is the fastest wave.

200
What is a strike-slip fault and what creates it?

The strike-slip fault is when the hanging wall and the footwall are when they are sliding away from each other. Shear force creates a strike-slip fault.

300
What is the differences and similarities between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? 
The lithosphere is rigid and 100km (about 60 miles). The asthenosphere flows like a soft plastic and lies 100 to 200 km (60 to 120 miles) below the lithosphere.
300
Explain what seafloor spreading is.
The oceanic crust that formed during a period of normal polar orientation produced a strong magnetic signal, while the oceanic crust that formed during a reversed period produced a weak signal. Lava erupts at the spreading center of the oceanic crust and produces new oceanic crust. Seafloor spreading describes the process of forming new ocean crust.
300
Describe the Composite Volcano.

The composite volcano has steep sloping flanks and erupts thick (silica-rich) lava, volcanic ash, and cinders. It also produces highly explosive eruptions. And it forms along convergent (subducting) plate boundaries.

300

How do earthquakes affect the Earth's surface?

It violently shakes and moves Earth's surface, creates large cracks in Earth's crust, causes buildings to crack, causes chimneys to collapse, some houses can collapse, pipes can break, railroad tracks bend, it causes landslides, bridges can collapse, structures can crumble, liquefaction occurs, and it can also cause tsunamis.

300
What does neocatastrophism believe?
Neocatastrophism retains some of the original assumptions of uniformitarianism while accepting evidence of catastrophe.
400
What is the difference between the inner and outer core?
The outer core is about 2200 km thick. The inner core is about 1278 km in diameter. The outer core is liquid. The inner core is solid. The inner core is mostly iron and the outer core is iron and nickel.
400
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
A theory that states that Earth's lithosphere is broken into large slabs of rock. These slabs are called tectonic plates. They move around on the partly melted section of the mantle called the asthenosphere. Earth's lithosphere is broken into seven major tectonic plates which move slowly over Earth's surface.
400
Describe the Cinder Cone Volcano.
A cinder cone volcano is small and cone-shaped with steep flanks and a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. It erupts volcanic ash and cinders that form the steep flanks of the volcano. And it isn't associated with any specific plate boundary.  
400
Describe the Secondary Wave.

The secondary wave, which travels perpendicular to the direction of motion, it travels through the planet, it travels through solids and travels slower than P-waves.

400
What are the three different pieces of evidence of seafloor spreading called?
Magnetic reversal, depth of sediment, and radiometric dating.
500
Why does uniformitarianism require long ages for earth's history?
Based on these facts: (1. The law of nature has always been the same. 2. Natural processes have always happened at the same rate.) scientists suggest that the Earth must be older than previously thought in order for there to be enough time to explain the rock layers, mountains, and other geologic features of Earth. They suggest that instead of Earth being several thousand years old, it must be millions of years old.
500
What causes plate motion?
Because of the action of convection currents that are created by the heating and cooling of the magma in the mantle. The circular movement of these currents creates two primary forces that move the plates. 
500
What are the 12 parts of a volcano and where are they located and what do they do?

Because a volcano sits over a large magma chamber of molten rock, it creates a conical structure. And the volcano grows with each eruption of molten rock. The base of the volcano is a broad, circular structure. This molten rock is called magma. The magma travels up a long pipe, called a conduit, toward the surface. As the conduit nears the surface, it expands, forming the throat. The vent is the opening of the volcano at the Earth's surface. At the summit of a volcano, the vent may form a large, bowl-shaped area called a crater. If a crater and the land around it collapse after an eruption, a large depression called a caldera forms. If the volcano becomes unstable, smaller conduits, called branch pipes, may transport magma to Earth's surface along the side, or flank, of the volcano. The branch pipes feed parasitic cones that form along the volcanic flank. If a branch pipe does not reach Earth's surface, the magma forms a sill or a dike. A sill is a layer of igneous rock that is horizontal to the surrounding bedrock. A dike is a layer of igneous rock that cuts through the surrounding bedrock diagonally. 

500
Describe the Surface Wave.

The surface wave, which travels across the surface of the planet, it causes the crust to move side to side and up and down, and travels slower than a P-wave or an S-wave.

500
Where is the divergent's, convergent's, and transform's boundaries spreading center, subduction zone, lateral strike-slip fault, rift zone, and mountain chain? 
The divergent's spreading center is in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and its rift zone is in the East African rift zone. The convergent's subduction zone is in Mariana's subduction zone, the other subduction zone is in the Peru-Chile subduction zone, the mountain chain is in the Himalayan Mountains. The transform's bounderie's lateral strike-slip fault is in the Blanca fracture zone, the second later strike-slip fault is in the San-Andreas Fault, and the last later strike-slip fault is in the Haywood fault.