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Respiratory Functon: Overview

100

Generation where alveoli start to bud off at respiratory bronchioles

generation 17

200

Constituents of respiratory membrane (5)

alv. epithelium w/ surfactant, alv. basement membrane, interstitial space, capillary endothelial basement membrane, capillary endothelium

300

have higher metabolic rates per unit of body mass

smaller animals

400

Respiration processes (4)

ventilation, diffusion (lung level), gas transport in blood, diffusion (tissue level)

500

Respiration involves the transport of these molecules

O2 & CO2

Ventilation (both options)

100

IRV + TV =

IC

200

associated with deposition of fibrous tissue, restricts inflation, lungs are poor in compliance

fibrosis

300

resistance is inversely proportional to radius of the tube but directly proportional to length of the tube

Poiseuille's law

400

movement of air between adjacent lobules

collateral ventilation

500

small TV, increased respiratory frequency, increased dead space ventilation, evaporation, heat loss

Heat Stress in Dogs (panting)

Pulmonary blood flow

100

Variation for greater vasoconstrictive response to hypoxia

thicker tunica media

200

20% of bronchial circulation drainage to right atrium

azygos vein

300

In poorly ventilated alveoli, this limits blood flow

hypoxic vasoconstriction

400

When voltage-gated K channels close favoring depolarization and Ca influx, hence smooth muscle contraction

hypoxia

500

PVR = (P(pa) - P(la)) / Q; P(la)?

left arteriole pressure

Gas exchange and transport

100

PaO2 (mm Hg) of breathing 15% O2 compared to breathing ambient air (21% O2)

reduced (~55 mm Hg)

200

SaO2 (%) of breathing 15% O2 compared to breathing ambient air (21% O2)

Reduced (~88%)

300

Normal A-aDO2, increased PaCO2, Improved O2 response

alveolar hypoventilation

400

Influence the capillary gradient

tissue metabolism and vascularization

500

Lung diseases have minimal effect on this molecule's diffusion

CO2

Control + Nonrespiratory system

100

Peripheral chemoreceptors; monitor PaO2, PaCO2 and H+ levels

aortic and carotid bodies

200

Small changes here produce large changes in ventilation

PaCO2, pH

300

particle size for inhaled drugs to be deposited onto the airway and remain in the lungs

1 - 5 um

400

respirable particulates diameter, PM2.5

2.5 um or less

500

Metabolic functions of the lung (4)

removal of hormones and toxins, serotonin, angiotensin 1 activation to angiot 2, pulmonary ace inactivates bradykinin