Non-Experimental Survey Questions

The Basics

100

These surveys collect data in real-world, non-laboratory settings.

Non-experimental surveys

200

Non-experimental surveys can provide either a single-point-in-time snapshot or track trends over time. What are these two types called?

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Surveys

300

Unlike experiments, non-experimental surveys do not do THIS to variables.

Manipulate the variables

400

What are NES useful for measuring?

Beliefs, attitudes, and trends

The "Errors" Tour

100

“You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess! It's a luve stori, baby, juste say, "Yas” is a good exemple of Taylors’ songwriting talent.

Proofreading* 

200

Do you believe that Taylor Swift is a good songwriter and the best performer of our generation?

Double Barreled Response* 

300

 “How much do you enjoy Taylor Swift’s music compared to other pop artists like Sabrina Carpenter and Lady Gaga?”

Construct Irrelevant Variance* 

400

Celebrities are frequently seen with Taylor Swift such as Travis Kelce, Jack Antonoff, and Selena Gomez

• Yes

• No

Vague Wording

Advantages & Disadvantages

100

This major advantage of survey research allows researchers to gather information from a large number of people efficiently.

Cost-effectiveness

200

A key disadvantage of non-experimental survey designs is that they cannot establish THIS type of relationship between variables.

Causality

300

Because surveys often rely on self-reported data, they are susceptible to this type of bias, where respondents may answer dishonestly. 

Social Desirability Bias

400

When surveys rely on people's memory of past events, they are vulnerable to this type of cognitive bias that distorts accuracy. 

Recall Bias

Types of Studies

100

I gave the Children's Depression Inventory to survey students one time. 

Commercially Developed;Cross-Sectional

200

I create a new survey on childhood anxiety based on the literature. After it is piloted, I survey participants one time. 

Locally Developed; Cross-Sectional

300

To test the long-term effects of a mindfulness intervention to help with childhood depression, I use the Children's Depression Inventory to survey students at multiple time-points before, during, and after the intervention is introduced.

Commercially Developed; Longitudinal

400

I received permission to adapt the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). I used my adapted measure to survey student's before, immediately after, and three months after a mindfulness intervention was introduced. 

Locally Developed; Longitudinal