Nonfiction I
These help the reader identify topics throughout the text as they skim and scan - they are like mini-titles.
What are Headings or Subheadings?
Help the reader understand a picture or photograph.
What are Captions?
Helps the reader define words contained in the text, usually in the last pages of a nonfiction text.
What is Glossary?
Name the common 5 types of structures for nonfiction texts.
• Description: Tells about a topic. • Chronological/Sequence: Tells events in order. • Problem/Solution: States a problem and a solution. • Compare/Contrast: Shows similarities/differences. • Cause/Effect: Shows what happened and why.
If a question gives you a claim or main idea and asks you "which of the following supports the claim," do you need to reread the passage or read the answer choices?
Read the answer choices and then choose the one that BEST supports the claim in the question.
These are used to convince their readers to agree with a certain idea or opinion
reasons and evidence
Helps the reader by signaling the word is important and/or found in the glossary.
What is Bold or Highlighted Words?
If a piece of nonfiction is written to convince you to change something you think or do, the purpose is to _______
persuade
First, the caterpillar hatches. Then, it eats leaves, builds a cocoon. Finally, it becomes a butterfly.
What text structure is this?
Chronological
This is a gist statement or paragraph or an overview of the main points of a passage.
What is a summary?
Extra parts of nonfiction texts that help readers (charts, captions, bold words, headings, maps)
What are text features?
Slanted text that helps a reader understand the word is important.
What is Italics?
The way an author sees a topic or the author's point of view is called ________.
What is author's perspective?
If an author describes someone as bossy instead of strong leader, what can you infer that the author feels about the person?
The author might feel negatively about the person or that they tell people what to do without cause.
What text structure is this?
I never brush my teeth, so I have 5 cavities
What is Cause and Effect?
Which of these best summarizes a passage about what firefighters do?
A. Firefighters ride in trucks called engines.
B. Firefighters help keep people safe during fires and emergencies.
C. Firefighters work 24 hours straight then have 48 hours off.
B
“The desert is arid, or very dry, with little rainfall each year.” What does arid mean?
very dry
Writings that tell about real people, places and events.
What is Non-Fiction?
If a question asks you how a paragraph or sentence contributes to the development of ideas, what does a good test-taker need to do? (In other words, do you come up with a gist statement first or read the answer choices first?)
The test-taker needs to look at the sentence or paragraph & come up with a gist statement & then read & select the best answer choice.
Name two ways we can figure out the meaning of an unknown word
Use context clues, use word parts
You could also answer that you can read the sentences or paragraphs before and after the words, use roots, prefixes, suffixes (think PLEASE)
Which is the Central Idea and which is a detail?
1. Screen time causes students to get less exercise.
2. Too much screen time can hurt kids’ health.
3. Screen time causes less sleep because its hard for kids to shut down afterwards.
Central Idea: 2
Details: 1,3
This text structure describes characteristics of something
What is description?
This text structure describes a sequence of events
What is chronological?
What the author is trying to convince the reader to believe is called the __________.
What is the author's claim?
This text structure describes the similarities and differences of two or more things
What is compare/contrast?