Non-inflammatory Nasties
An idiopathic serous detachment of the retina related to leakage at the level of the RPE 2/2 hypermeability of the choriocapillaris. OCT will show "shaggy" photoreceptors
What is Central Serous Chortioretinopathy?
This term refers to a regional expansion and protrusion of the sclera that creates a different radius of curvature than the rest of the globe, often involving the macula or the area around the optic nerve.
What is a staphyloma?
A 75 year old female has vision changes. An ICGA showing flow defects in the choroid with patchy and delayed choroidal filling especially around the optic nerve. Her exam shows pallid edema of the optic nerve. Arteritic or non-arteritic?
What are Arteritic ichemic optic neuropathies such as GCA/GPA?
This complex systemic disorder, most common in Japan and the Middle East, is strongly associated with the HLA-B51 allele and is characterized by recurrent oral ulcers and poor visual prognosis due to occlusive retinal vasculitis.
What is Behcet disease?
In this condition, the choroid is significantly thinner than expected for the patient's age and is characteristically associated with subretinal drusenoid deposits known as pseudodrusen. Patients often exhibit markedly prolonged dark adaptation and face an increased risk for developing types 2 and 3 choroidal neovascularization.
What is age-related choroidal atrophy?
These fine, linear ruptures in this anatomic layer of the retina/choroid result from mechanical stress during ocular expansion and are common sites for the development of choroidal neovascularization. Often called "lacquer cracks."
What is Bruch's membrane?
A patient has microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, neurologic dysfunction and renal dysfunction. their retina has yellow placoid areas associated with serous detachment of the retina. What does this patient have?
What is Thrombocytopenic Pupura?
(Nonarteritic roblems with blood flow can occur as a result of embolic or systemic disease, this is one example)
In this systemic disorder primarily affecting women of childbearing age, retinal findings can range from asymptomatic cotton-wool spots to severe macular infarction and multifocal serous retinal detachments.
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Vasculitis?
These structural changes can result from forces external to the eye, such as thyroid eye disease, or internal conditions like hypotony maculopathy.
What are Choroidal Folds?
While not a sharp demarcation, pathologic myopia is most frequently defined as a refractive error greater than ___ diopters or an axial length of ___ mm or more.
What is -6 diopters and 26.5mm
A patient had fallen and hit his head 9 months ago, for the last 7 months one eye has been red with corkscrew-like vessels. His choroid on FA is showing venous outflow problems. Diagnosis?
What is CCF?
This systemic autoimmune disorder, in which T lymphocytes are directed against melanocytes, features a "sunset glow" fundus appearance in its chronic phase due to choroidal depigmentation.
What is Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease?
Often heralding systemic cancers of the ovary, uterus, or lung, this rare paraneoplastic syndrome causes diffuse uveal thickening and a characteristic nummular loss of the retinal pigment epithelium. These areas of loss appear hypoautofluorescent on imaging but show a "giraffe-spot" pattern of hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography.
What is What is bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP)?
This tractional condition in highly myopic eyes most commonly involves the Henle fiber layer and results from fluid accumulation and distention of cellular elements within the retina.
What is myopic macular schisis?
What choroidal vascular abnormality might be found in pseudoxanthoma elasticum? Bonus: describe how this might be seen on imaging
What are choriocapillaris blood flow abnormalities?
Bonus: what are focal flow deficits on OCTA on the choriocapillaris
Clinically indistinguishable from VKH disease, this rare condition occurs after penetrating ocular injury or surgery and is caused by the exposure of the immune system to sequestered uveal antigens.
What is Sympathetic Ophthalmia?
This disorder, frequently misdiagnosed as central serous chorioretinopathy in young hyperopic patients, is caused by abnormal scleral composition that inhibits aqueous outflow. A classic diagnostic finding on fluorescein angiography is a "leopard-spot" pattern of hypofluorescence without focal leakage
What is Uveal Effusion Syndrome?
This measurement is the most significant predictor of visual acuity in highly myopic eyes with no macular pathology.
Subfoveal choroidal thickness.
What are Amalric Triangles?
This aggressive large B-cell tumor was historically referred to by names such as reticulum cell sarcoma or histiocytic lymphoma and one the of uveitis masqueraders.
What is primary vitreoretinal lymphoma?