In and Around the Article
Sometimes, to find ethos, you may have to look in the back on the article at THIS to help you find credibility.
Citations
The word meaning is exactly as written; no inferences are needed.
Literal Language
The author is trying to convince the reader to believe, support, purchase, or complete a task.
The author or narrator is the person telling the story (I, me, you, us, we, our, yours, etc.)
First-Person Point of View
A timeline in a history textbook.
Sequence/Chronological
This is a short summary at the beginning of the article; oftentimes, you can infer the central idea from it.
Abstract
To show feelings, favor, or opinions toward a particular subject.
Bias
The author provides several facts and data on a topic to help the readers learn about the topic and understand the topic on a deeper level. The author wants to teach the reader.
To Inform
When there is an outside narrator telling the story; uses he, she, they, it, etc.
Third-Person Point of View
A pamphlet on how you can help reduce pollution by recycling.
Problem & Solution
This is a small number embedded in the text that helps the reader find the definition.
Superscript
Writing that includes straight up facts; establishes ethos and logos; does not include bias, opinions, or emotions.
Objective Writing
Appeals to emotions.
Pathos
Is the least common, tell “you” how to do something (you).
Second-Person Point of View
The course syllabus.
Description
The message the author is trying to convey; it tells what the text is mainly about; the main idea.
Writing based on personal opinions, experiences, interpretations, emotions, point of view, and judgements.
Subjective Writing
Appeals to sense of reason and logic.
Logos
The type of narration used to tell a story.
A news report on the start of the Los Angeles fires and what it means for the community.
Cause & Effect
This is the index or glossary at the bottom of each article page.
Footnotes
An author’s word choice and phrasing in a text (ex: strong, academic, persuasive, urgent)
Diction
Appeals to credibility of the source.
Ethos
The author’s inner thoughts and orientation to the world; how the author perceives information.
Perspective
A sports reporter explaining how the Cleveland Cavaliers' stats have changed since the previous game.
Compare & Contrast