Historical texts teach us about people, places, and events in the ______. (Hint: talking about a time)
Past
Plants, animals, galaxies, and the ocean are all examples of topics in ______.
A procedure tells readers _______________.
how to do something.
The cause is the ______ and the effect is the ______.
reason; result
Nonfiction means _______.
Real or true
The three main topics historical texts teach us about are _____, ______, and ______.
people, places, and events
Comparing means to ___________.
Contrasting means to ___________.
Contrasting: find the differences
This type of procedural text provides readers with how to complete a task and is made up of steps the reader should follow.
Directions
This diagram is called a ______ _______ and is used to ______ and _______ two topics.

Venn diagram
compare and contrast
Determine whether the statements below are fiction or nonfiction.
1. Sharks have vertical tails they use to swim in a side-to-side motion.
2. I made friends with a talking squirrel in the enchanted forest.
3. Today is Ms. Cayla's last day teaching us reading.
1. Nonfiction
2. Fiction
3. Nonfiction
This type of relationship is used to explain why events happen and what happens.
Cause and effect
Scientific texts can be connected through two types of relationships: ______ & _______ and _______ & _______.
cause & effect
compare and contrast
When reading technical procedures, you will notice that they are written starting from "Step 1" to "Final Step" so that the steps are followed correctly. This means that the directions are written in _______ _______.
sequential order
Compare and contrast these two characters. Provide two items for comparing and two items for contrasting.
vs. ![]()
Similarities: both live in the ocean, live in Bikini Bottom, sea creatures
Differences: color, outfit, personality, one is a sponge and one is a starfish, one lives under a rock, one lives in a pineapple, one has fingers, one has no fingers, etc.
This week we talked about three types of nonfiction texts: _______, _______, and _______.
Identify the cause and effect.
He got checked out of school early since he had a dentist appointment.
Cause: He had a dentist appointment.
Effect: He got checked out of school early.
Compare and contrast a shark and a dolphin. Give one example of comparing and one example of contrasting.
Comparisons: Both live in the ocean, have a dorsal fin on their back, two fins on their side, and a tail, will eat things like fish, crustaceans, squid and shrimp
Contrast: tail direction, where they live in the ocean, blood type, social/antisocial, how they interact with oxygen, how they use their tails to swim
Put the steps in sequential order.
A-Lather your hands by rubbing them together with soap.
B-Dry your hands using a clean and dry towel.
C-Wet your hands with clean, running water.
D-Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds.
E-Rinse, your hands well under clean, running water.
C, A, D, E, B
Identify the cause and the effect:
Isa lives way up in the hills, so she has a great view of the island.
Cause: Isa lives way up in the hills.
Effect: She has a great view of the island.
This week we talked about three types of relationships: ________ & ________, _________ & _________, and ______ _____.
cause & effect, compare & contrast, and sequential order/sequence.
Historical texts are usually written starting from the past to the future. When we write things going from beginning to end, this is called ______ ______.
Identify the cause and effect.
There was an earthquake early this morning since tectonic plates shifted deep in Earth's crust and released a lot of energy.
Cause: Tectonic plates shifted deep in Earth's crust and released energy.
Effect: There was an earthquake.
Tell the class the steps for a procedure you know how to do.
Steps are in sequential order and aligned with successful completion of procedure.
Identify the cause and the effect:
Jason got grounded after he came home three hours late.
Cause: He came home three hours late.
Effect: Jason got grounded.
Label each book cover as one of the three types of nonfiction texts.

