Foundations
This is the study of forces that act on a body to generate or alter motion
What is Kinetics
These are the 3 tasks of gait.
These are the 8 phases of gait.
IC, LR, MSt, TSt, PSw, ISw, MSw, TSw
Terminal Stance phase takes up approximately this percentage of the gait cycle.
What is 25%
This is the name of the structures that is theorized to control continuous, reciprocal walking when no starts, stops or modifications are necessary.
What are central or stepping pattern generators?
This is a force that causes rotation around an axis
What is torque?
The quads are working eccentrically to absorb shock during this phase of gait.
Knee flexion is the critical feature of these 2 phases of gait.
What are initial swing and mid swing?
This is normal vertical displacement of the head during gait.
What is 4-5 cm?
What are step/stride length and cadence?
This is the principle external force exerted by the ground, impacting external torque demand.
What is a Ground Reaction Force?
Plantarflexion activation peaks, working eccentrically to control forward progression during this phase of gait.
What is terminal stance?
A knee extension torque rapidly shifts into a knee flexion torque during this phase of gait.
What is loading response?
This is the normal transfers plane excursion (in degrees) of a hemipelvis throughout the gait cycle.
What is 10 degrees? (5 forward and 5 backward)
High guard
What is a characteristic of early walking?
These are the essential requirements of gait.
What are propulsion, stance stability, shock absorption and energy conservation?
These mechanisms assists in creating forward propulsion with less energy expenditure.
What are rockers (heel, ankle, forefoot)?
During this phase, the limb remains in contact with the ground, but is unloaded.
What is PreSwing?
This is the percentage of our energy cost spent to create forward propulsion during normal gait.
What is 50%
Decreased speed, step length and foot clearance
What are characteristics of gait seen with aging?
These are 2 forces (OTHER THAN GRF) that impact kinetics of gait
Gravity, Inertia, Velocity, Friction, etc.
This visible feature of gait occurs in response to pelvic and trunk rotation.
What is arm swing?
Subtalar pronation occurs due to an eversion torque during this functional task.
What is weight acceptance?
This is an average normal VO2max expenditure for older adults during normal gait.
This pathway from the basal ganglia provides brainstem level control for modulation of stepping.
What is the pedunculopontine pathway?