Normal Cells
This is a common cell response to unrepairable damage.
What is apoptosis?
This kind of cell death is considered "death by trauma".
What is necrosis?
This is the believed cause of cancer.
What are mutations in cellular DNA?
Cells become invasive by ignoring these signals.
What are boundary signals?
This posits that to cause cancer, many mutations occur, and not in any specific order.
What is the random multimutation hypothesis?
This kind of cell communication is common in normal adjacent cells.
What is direct contact?
This provides normal cells with food and oxygen for metabolism.
What is a blood supply?
Cancer cells result from a failure of the balance between these two signals.
What are growth and antigrowth signals?
This is cancer cell spread to distant parts of the body.
What is metastasis?
This posits that a few genes control the growth rate of cells, and when one of these is mutated, the regulation of growth rate is lost.
What is the master gene hypothesis?
This kind of cell communication is common in normal cells that are not touching.
What are messenger signals?
This trait in normal cells allows them to retain their specialty categories.
What is differentiation?
Cancer cells avoid this kind of cell death.
What is apoptosis?
Cancer cells lose this characteristic that allows them to perform a specific function.
What is differentiation?
This posits that the cause of cancer is aneuploidy.
What is the multichromosome hypothesis?
These signals are sent to a neighboring cell to start the production of a replacement cell.
What are growth signals?
The number of reproductive cycles a normal cell is limited to.
What is 60?
Cancer cells ignore this signal.
What is antigrowth signal?
This is the process of cancer cells developing their own blood supply.
What is angiogenesis?
This posits that cancer development is a linear process, with one mutation following another over time.
What is the traditional hypothesis?
At tissue borders, normal cells obey these signals.
What are antigrowth signals?
The balance between these two signals maintains homeostasis.
What are growth signals and antigrowth signals?
Cancer cells are genetically unstable and lead to an increases in these two rates.
What are replication rate and mutation rate?
This genetic instability arises from individual mutations of the DNA chain and leads to elevated mutation rates.
What is microsatellite instability?
This agent is proven to cause cancer.
What is radiation?