Tigngaran
What is a tigngaran?
A. A word used only for people
B. A linguistic unit used to refer to people, places, things, concepts, or ideas
C. A word that always describes an action
D. A type of pronoun
B. A linguistic unit used to refer to people, places, things, concepts, or ideas
Which marker normally occurs before a personal name? ___ Maria
A. an
B. hi
C. it
D. ha
B. hi
What changes in: lakat → lákat
A. A prefix
B. A suffix
C. Stress/prominence
D. Reduplication
C. Stress/prominence
What does ka- form when added to certain adjectives or stative verbs?
húsay → kahúsay
A. An abstract quality
B. A season
C. A person
D. A future action
A. An abstract quality
sapatúsay
Which process is involved?
A. -ay
B. ka-
C. pag-
D. kat-
A. -ay
If someone says “an balay” and is referring to an actual house, which is the referent?
A. The word balay
B. The actual house being referred to
C. The speaker
D. The marker an
B. The actual house being referred to
Which is the expected form?
A. hi bata
B. an bata
B. an bata
What process is shown?
awto → awto-áwto
A. Ka-
B. Pagliwat/reduplication
C. Kat-
D. -ón
B. Pagliwat/reduplication
What does kasayaw mean?
A. Dancing season
B. Dance partner
C. A beautiful dance
D. Dancing result
B. Dance partner
What does kaúpay refer to?
A. Good
B. Dance season
C. Goodness
D. A toy dance
C. Goodness
Which of these can function as something referred to by a tigngaran?
A. A person
B. A place
C. An abstract idea
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which pair correctly demonstrates the distinction?
A. hi Juan / an bata
B. an Juan / hi bata
C. hi balay / an Maria
D. it Juan / hi balay
A. hi Juan / an bata
TRUE OR FALSE:
Every reduplicated noun means an artificial or toy version.
FALSE
What process is shown?
basa → pagbasa
A. Diminutive formation
B. Action nominalization
C. Season formation
D. Future patient noun
B. Action nominalization
Which one is NOT one of the category-changing uses of -in-?
A. Style/manner
B. Result
C. Number/division
D. Personal name formation
D. Personal name formation
Which statement best explains why some kinship terms can function differently?
- han nanay
- ni Nanay
A. They are always verbs.
B. Nanay can be used as a common noun or as a personal name depending on context.
C. Capitalization changes the pronunciation.
D. Nanay is always a proper noun.
B. Nanay can be used as a common noun or as a personal name depending on context.
How can the choice between it and an before common nouns affect their meaning or interpretation?
A. it and an are completely interchangeable in every context.
B. The choice can contribute to differences in meaning or interpretation.
C. it is only used before names.
D. an is only used for places.
B. The choice can contribute to differences in meaning or interpretation.
What does C+uru- generally form?
A. A personal name
B. A noun referring to something used like the original, often playfully
C. A season
D. A result of an action
B. A noun referring to something used like the original, often playfully
What does kattanom mean?
A. A person who plants
B. A toy plant
C. Season for planting
D. A planting result
C. Season for planting
Match the forms (letter and number):
A. tinúlo
B. inupat
C. liníma
with:
1. fifths
2. thirds
3. fourths
A → 2; B → 3; C → 1
Which statement is MOST consistent with the discussion of tigngaran?
A. Every tigngaran must refer to a unique individual.
B. A tigngaran only refers to physical objects.
C. A tigngaran is a linguistic form used to refer to something in discourse.
D. A tigngaran and its referent are always the same thing.
C. A tigngaran is a linguistic form used to refer to something in discourse.
Consider:
- han nanay
- ni Nanay
What does this demonstrate?
A kinship term can function as a common noun or as a personal name, depending on its use.
Which pair correctly demonstrates -ay?
A. basa → pagbasa
B. húsay → kahúsay
C. sapátus → sapatúsay
D. kaon → kaunón
C. sapátus → sapatúsay
Which statement is correct?
A. -in- has only one function.
B. -ón always refers to a past action.
C. -in- has several category-changing uses, while -ón can form a future patient noun.
D. -in- and -ón always have the same function.
C. -in- has several category-changing uses, while -ón can form a future patient noun.
Look at these forms:
- bayad → bayarón
- kuha → kuhaón
- káon → kaunón
- lakat → lakatón
- palit → palitón
What do they have in common?
A. They are all reduplicated forms.
B. They all refer to something destined or intended for a future action/state.
C. They all express seasons.
D. They all express abstract qualities.
B. They all refer to something destined or intended for a future action/state.