Newton's Law
What is Newton’s First Law of Motion also called?
A. The Law of Gravity
B. The Law of Acceleration D. The Law of Energy
C. The Law of Inertia
C. The Law of Inertia
1. Which statement best describes thermal energy?
A. The energy an object has because of its position
B. The total kinetic and potential energy of particles in a substance
C. The temperature of an object only/D. The energy stored in chemical bonds only
B. The total kinetic and potential energy of particles in a substance
1. Which object is classified as a dwarf planet located in the Kuiper Belt?
7.9A
A. Mars
B. Jupiter
C. Pluto /D. Venus
C. Pluto
Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?
A. Sunlight
B. Water
C. A mushroom/ D. Soil
C. A mushroom
1. How many oxygen atoms are in Al₂(SO₄)₃?
7.6B
A. 4
B. 7
C. 12
D. 3
C. 12
A soccer ball is resting on the grass. What must happen for the ball to begin moving?
A. A force must act on the ball
B. The ball must lose its mass
C. Gravity must disappear D. The ball must increase its temperature
A. A force must act on the ball
. What happens when a hot spoon is placed in a cup of cold water?
A. The cold water transfers energy to the spoon
B. Both objects immediately become hot
C. Thermal energy transfers from the spoon to the water/D. No energy transfers between them
C. Thermal energy transfers from the spoon to the water
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
7.9B
A. Gravity
B. Friction
C. Magnetism alone
D. Air resistance
A. Gravity
What is the main role of a producer in a food web?
A. To make its own food, usually using sunlight
B. To hunt other animals
C. To break down rocks/ D. To consume only dead animals
A. To make its own food, usually using sunlight
A student dissolves sugar in water. What is the solvent?
A. Sugar
B. Water
C. The solution/ D. The dissolved particles
B. Water
A passenger moves forward when a car suddenly stops. Which concept explains this?
A. Magnetism
B. Friction only
C. Gravity
D. Inertia
D. Inertia
What is thermal equilibrium?
A. When objects have reached the same temperature and there is no net thermal energy transfer between them
B. When two objects have the same mass
C. When an object reaches its highest possible temperature/D. When all particles stop moving
A. When objects have reached the same temperature and there is no net thermal energy transfer between them
Which condition is especially important for supporting life as we know it on Earth?
7.9C
A. Earth has the largest planet in the solar system nearby
B. Earth has no atmosphere/ C. Earth receives no energy from the Sun
D. Earth has liquid water, a suitable atmosphere, and an appropriate distance from the Sun
D. Earth has liquid water, a suitable atmosphere, and an appropriate distance from the Sun
A tick feeds on a dog and benefits while harming the dog. What type of relationship is this?
A. Mutualism
B. Commensalism
C. Competition/ D. Parasitism
D. Parasitism
A cyclist travels 120 meters in 20 seconds. What is the cyclist's average speed?
7.7A
A. 6 m/s
B. 4 m/s
C. 12 m/s
D. 2 m/s
A. 6 m/s
An object moves in a straight line at a constant speed. If the forces on it are balanced, what will happen?
A. It will immediately stop
B. It will continue moving at the same speed and direction
C. It will speed up D. It will automatically turn
B. It will continue moving at the same speed and direction
What happens to the average kinetic energy of particles when a substance's temperature increases?
A. It decreases
B. It stays exactly the same
C. The particles stop moving/D. It increases
D. It increases
What is the main difference between an asteroid and a comet?
7.9A
A. Asteroids are made only of gas
B. Comets contain ice, dust, and rock and can form tails near the Sun
C. Asteroids orbit only Earth/ D. Comets are larger than every planet
B. Comets contain ice, dust, and rock and can form tails near the Sun
Which organism is most likely a decomposer?
A. Hawk
B. Fungus
C. Rabbit / D. Grass
B. Fungus
Which statement best describes velocity?
7.7B
A. The total distance traveled/ B. The time needed to travel
C. The amount of matter in motion
D. Speed in a specified direction
D. Speed in a specified direction
Which object has the greatest inertia?
A. A tennis ball
B. A marble D. A ping-pong ball
C. A bowling ball
C. A bowling ball
A student places an ice cube in warm lemonade. Which way does thermal energy initially transfer?
A. From the ice to the lemonade
B. From the warm lemonade to the ice
C. There is no energy transfer/D. From both substances into space
B. From the warm lemonade to the ice
What would most likely happen to a planet's orbit if the Sun's gravitational pull suddenly disappeared?
7.9B
A. The planet would immediately stop moving
B. The planet would fall straight into the Sun
C. The planet would continue moving in a straight line due to inertia
D. The planet would begin orbiting Earth
C. The planet would continue moving in a straight line due to inertia
What usually happens to the available energy as it moves from one trophic level to the next?
A. It doubles at each level
B. It stays exactly the same
C. It decreases because organisms use energy for life processes
C. It decreases because organisms use energy for life processes
How many total atoms are in Ca(OH)₂?
7.6B
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5/ D. 4
C. 5
A book rests on a desk. Why does it remain at rest?
A. The forces acting on it are balanced
B. No forces act on it at all
C. Its mass is zero/ D. Inertia only affects moving objects
A. The forces acting on it are balanced
Which situation is an example of thermal equilibrium?
A. A hot pan heating cold water/ B. Ice melting in warm juice
C. A warm object and a cool object reaching the same temperature
D. Water boiling while its temperature rises
C. A warm object and a cool object reaching the same temperature
Which part of Earth's atmosphere contains most of the air we breathe and helps support life?
7.9C
A. The troposphere
B. The outer core
C. The mantle/ D. The Kuiper Belt
A. The troposphere
Two species compete for the same limited food source. What is most likely to happen?
A. They may compete more intensely for the resource
B. Both species immediately become producers
C. The food source becomes unlimited
A. They may compete more intensely for the resource
A solution contains a small amount of salt dissolved in a large amount of water. Compared with a solution containing more salt in the same amount of water, it is:
7.6D
A. More concentrated
B. Less concentrated
C. A pure substance/ D. A solvent
B. Less concentrated
A hockey puck slides across nearly frictionless ice. What would Newton’s First Law predict?
A. It will stop immediately/B. It will move in circles
C. It will continuously accelerate
D. It will keep moving at a constant velocity unless an unbalanced force acts
D. It will keep moving at a constant velocity unless an unbalanced force acts
What happens to the particles in most substances as they are heated?
A. Their average kinetic energy increases, so they move faster or vibrate more rapidly
B. They lose all their energy
C. They become motionless/ D. Their atoms disappear
A. Their average kinetic energy increases, so they move faster or vibrate more rapidly
What is the Oort Cloud believed to be?
7.9A
A. A layer of Earth's atmosphere
B. A region containing only planets/ C. The center of the Sun
D. A distant region surrounding the solar system that may contain many icy bodies
D. A distant region surrounding the solar system that may contain many icy bodies
Which example shows mutualism?
A. A lion hunting a zebra
B. A tick feeding on a dog/C. A weed blocking sunlight from a flower
D. A bee collecting nectar while pollinating a flower
D. A bee collecting nectar while pollinating a flower
A runner travels 400 meters in 80 seconds. What is the runner's average speed?
7.7A
A. 5 m/s
B. 8 m/s
C. 20 m/s/
D. 320 m/s
A. 5 m/s
What is inertia?
A. The force that pulls objects toward Earth
B. The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion
C. The speed of an object/D. The energy released by friction
B. The tendency of an object to resist changes in its motion
Which statement correctly compares temperature and thermal energy?
A. They always mean exactly the same thing
B. Temperature measures total energy in an object
C. Thermal energy depends only on temperature, never on the amount of matter
D. Temperature relates to average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy depends on the particles and the amount and state of matter
D. Temperature relates to average particle kinetic energy, while thermal energy depends on the particles and the amount and state of matter
Why does the Moon orbit Earth instead of traveling away in a straight line?
7.9B
A. Earth's atmosphere pushes the Moon around
B. Earth's gravity continually changes the Moon's direction of motion
C. The Moon has no motion/ D. The Sun's light holds the Moon in place
B. Earth's gravity continually changes the Moon's direction of motion
In this food chain, grass → grasshopper → frog → snake, which organism is the secondary consumer?
A. Grass
B. Frog
C. Grasshopper/ D. Snake
B. Frog
Two cars travel at 50 km/h. Car A travels north, and Car B travels south. Which statement is correct?
7.7B
A. Car A has greater speed/ B. Car B has greater speed
C. They have different speeds and the same velocity
D. They have the same speed but different velocities
D. They have the same speed but different velocities
A student pushes a cart, causing it to speed up. What does this tell you about the forces on the cart?
A. The forces are balanced
B. There are no forces on the cart
C. The forces are unbalanced/D. The cart has no inertia
C. The forces are unbalanced
Two cups of water are at the same temperature. Which statement is correct?
A. The larger cup must have the lower average kinetic energy
B. The water particles in both cups have the same average kinetic energy
C. The smaller cup must be hotter/ D. No particles in either cup are moving
B. The water particles in both cups have the same average kinetic energy
How does Earth's distance from the Sun help support life?
7.9C
A. It helps allow temperatures suitable for liquid water on the surface
B. It prevents Earth from experiencing seasons
C. It makes Earth's gravity stronger than the Sun's
A. It helps allow temperatures suitable for liquid water on the surface
Why are there generally fewer top predators than producers in an ecosystem?
A. Predators do not need energy
B. Predators make their own food
C. Less energy is available at higher trophic levels
C. Less energy is available at higher trophic levels
How many hydrogen atoms are present in 3H₂O?
7.6B
A. 2
B. 3
C. 6 / D. 5
D. 5
A toy car is moving across the floor and eventually stops. Why does it stop?
A. Friction acts as an unbalanced force against its motion
B. Inertia makes all moving objects stop
C. Its mass disappears/D. Balanced forces always stop moving objects
A. Friction acts as an unbalanced force against its motion
A metal block and a wooden block are at the same room temperature. Why might the metal feel colder to your hand?
A. The metal has no thermal energy
B. The wood has stopped transferring energy
C. The metal conducts thermal energy away from your hand faster/ D. The metal is always at a lower temperature
C. The metal conducts thermal energy away from your hand faster
Which statement correctly describes meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites?
7.9A
A. They are three names for planets
B. A meteor is a rock orbiting beyond Neptune
C. A meteoroid is a small object in space, a meteor is the streak of light it produces in an atmosphere, and a meteorite is material that reaches the ground
C. A meteoroid is a small object in space, a meteor is the streak of light it produces in an atmosphere, and a meteorite is material that reaches the ground
What is the likely effect if a major predator disappears from an ecosystem?
A. All producers immediately die
B. The food web cannot change/C. Every population remains exactly the same
D. Some prey populations may increase and affect other organisms
D. Some prey populations may increase and affect other organisms
A student walks 60 meters east in 15 seconds. What is the student's average velocity?
7.7B
A. 4 m/s west
B. 4 m/s east
C. 900 m/s east/ D. 15 m/s east
B. 4 m/s east