DNA Structure
what are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine, thymine, Cytosine, and guanine
149
how many base pairs per cell does our 46-chromosome genome sequence contain
6 billion base pairs 151
what does rna use instead of thymine?
uracil 153
what is the central dogma of biology
info in DNA flows from DNA to new DNA, DNA to RNA, and RNA to protein, but once it has been embedded in a protein it cannot get out 155
extra steps that happen between transcription and before translation can take place
capping, polyadenylation, and splicing 158
Each nucleotide of DNA contains one of four nitrogenous bases and what two other things
dyoxyribose sugar molecule and one phosphate group 149
a highly packaged supercoiled molecule of DNA and its supporting proteins
chromosome 152
how many strands does rna have
one 154
the three parts of transcription are
initiation, elongation, and termination 155-156
this phase of translation begins when the start codon AUG and tRNA with the anticodon to AUG brings methionine
initiation 163
a dna base with two rings
purine
each specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a protein or part of a protein
gene p 153
what are the three kinds of rna
tRNA (transfer)
rRNA (ribosomal) 153
during this phase of transcription RNA polymerase binds to DNA
initiation 156
in this phase of translation the ribosome continues to move down the mRNA pairing codon with anticodon forming a peptide chain
elongation 163-164
dna base with one ring
pyrimidine
number of chromosomes a human has? 46
organized into how many pairs? 23
one of each pair come from? mother and father
46 p153
to carry info on how to make proteins 154
in this phase of transcription RNA polymerase uses the template strand of dna to make a mRNA strand with a complementary sequence to the template strand
elongation 156
in this phase of translation a stop codon enters into the ribosome and the process stops and protein synthesis is complete
t/f two pyrimidines pair to form dna
false, a purine and pyrimidine must pair
deoxyribose nucleic acid and ribose nucleic acid p 153
these are intertwined with numerous protiens to produce ribosomes
rRNA 154
in this phase of transcription rna polymerase detaches from the dna and releases the new mRNA molecule
termination 157
proteins that need are destined to be secreted from the cell are complete their synthesis here
rough endoplasmic reticulum 164