7: Science, Theories, and Truth
"The way things actually are."
Truth
International System of Units (SI) or
Imperial System of Units
-International System of Units (SI)
-International System of Units (SI0
-Imperial System of Units
Physical properties of a substance include every kind of description except chemical behavior. Name at least 2 different examples of a physical property.
Which famous scientist's laws of motion remain the most useful still until this day?
Isaac Newton
Electrical conductivity is the ability of a substance to: __________________(do what)?
-to conduct electricity
(property associated with metals)
Is the following definition describing: truth/theories/scientific fact?
"A mental model - a conceptual representation of how part of the world works."
Scientific Theory
How many base units are in the SI System?
Seven
What is absolute zero in temperature? The point at which....what happens?
The temperature at which point all atomic motion would cease (stop).
Velocity
The speed of an object
(Bonus: technically both how fast an object moves and the direction it moves)
TRUE/FALSE: It is incorrect to say that "I won't believe that scientific theory because it's 'just' a theory. So there is little evidence to support it."
TRUE
What is the definition of science? -mention the processes used in science + what scientific knowledge develops.
Science is the process of using experiment, observation, and reasoning to develop mental models of the natural world. (These mental models are called theories)
What do the following base unit abbreviations stand for in the SI System?
m, kg, s
meter
kilogram
second
What is VOLUME?
Measure of how much space an object takes up. All objects have matter.
What is acceleration?
Changing velocity (how fast an object's velocity/speed) is changing
What are two types of mixtures?
Homogenous (solutions)
Heterogenous (can see different parts with naked eye)
Put these four steps of the 'Cycle of Scientific Enterprise' in the right order. Describe what occurs at each step as you list them in order.
Hypothesis: informed prediction based on a theory
Experiment: Putting hypothesis to the test
Analysis: Reviewing if the expeirmental results are consistent with the theory we started with
Theory: Our best explanation at present
What are the meanings (amount) of each of these metric prefixes, which are multipliers?
kilo-
centi-
milli-
kilo = 1,000
centi = 1/100
milli = 1/1,000
What is Density (define)? OR what is the equation to discover volume?
D = m/v
Density = mass/volume
What is inertia?
Inertia is a property of matter that causes any object to prefer its current state of motion.
**a quality
What is a crystal lattice?
Formed when atoms organize themselves into a repeating grid structure (or 'array')
Explain each of these 3 ways we come to know truth (either define or give an example)
1. Direct observation
2. Valid Logic
3. Divine Revelation
1. Using our senses and our own experiences to observe truth/fact
2. Valid Logic - start with true premises and reason towards a logical conclusion
3. Divine Revelation - What God has revealed (through Scripture + Tradition)
1 min = _____ seconds
60 min = _____ hour
3 ft = _____ yard
1 ft = _______ inches
60 seconds
1 hour
1 yard
12 inches
Which of the states of matter are being described:
1. Has a definite shape and a definite volume
2. Has no definite shape but a definite volume
3. Has no definite shape and no definite volume
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
State at least one of Newton's 3 laws of motion.
1. An object remains in its present state of motion (either at rest - or moving at a constant speed in the same direction)
2. Acceleration of an object is proportional to the force acting on it.
3. When one object pushes on another with a certain force, the second object pushes back on the first one with equal force.
What is a compound? When are they formed?
Two or more different elements chemically bonded together. Compounds are formed by chemical reactions.