Rear View Mirror
According to Vygotsky, this term describes the gap between what a child can accomplish independently and what they can achieve with guidance.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
Most infants reach this developmental milestone—sitting without support—around this age range.
What is 6–8 months?
When children play next to each other using similar materials but do not directly interact, they are engaging in this type of play.
What is parallel play?
This reflex occurs when an infant suddenly throws out their arms and legs, then pulls them back in response to a loss of support or a loud noise.
What is the Moro reflex?
When a child uses the pads of the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, they are demonstrating this fine motor skill.
What is the pincer grasp?
This instructional technique involves giving a learner hints or support and gradually removing that assistance as the learner becomes more competent.
What is scaffolding?
Motor development moves from the center of the body outward to the extremities.
What is proximodistal development?
You observe two children playing next to each other in a sandbox, sharing materials, and talking about what they are doing - they are not coordinating their play to produce a product. They are engaging in this type of play.
What is associative play?
This reflex is triggered when an infant’s cheek is gently stroked, helping them locate food.
What is the rooting reflex?
This grasp pattern is characterized by an infant holding an object using the thumb and the radial fingers.
What is the radial digital grasp?
According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, an infant who is often left unattended when crying and receives little affection is likely to develop this challenge.
What is difficulty developing trust?
The CDC states this age is when 75% of children will have achieved the skill of taking a few unsupported steps.
When is 15 months of age?
A 3-year-old sits alone on the floor stacking blocks into a tower. Other children are playing nearby. The child is fully focused on their own activity and does not attempt to interact or join the group.
What is solidary play?
When an infant imitates stepping motions as soon as their feet touch a flat surface, this reflex is being displayed.
What is the stepping reflex?
A 2-year-old child picks up a small block using their thumb, index, and middle fingertips. This fine motor grasp is known as this.
What is the three-jaw chuck?
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, this is what infants primarily develop during the sensorimotor stage.
What are motor actions and sensory abilities?
When an infant gains control of eye and head movements before learning to crawl, this developmental principle is being demonstrated.
What is the cephalocaudal principle?
A toddler stands near a group of children building with blocks. They watch closely, smile, and occasionally comment like “That’s a big tower!”—but they do not join in or touch the materials.
What is onlooker play?
This reflex is demonstrated when an infant closes their hand around an object placed in their palm.
What is the palmar grasp reflex?
When a young child imitates simple shapes or draws basic forms by coordinating what they see with how they move their hand, they are demonstrating this foundational prewriting skill.
What are visual-motor integration skills?
For a seven-month-old infant born 12 weeks prematurely, this additional calculation—done after determining chronological age—helps better assess their developmental level.
What is calculating the corrected (adjusted) age?
Toddlers often use a wide-based stance and shift their weight side to side when first learning to walk for this reason, which helps them stay upright.
What is lowering their center of gravity to increase stability?
A child navigates a playground engaging in a cooperative game of structure tag with their peers. You observe them duck under structures, climb over obstacles, and fit their body into small areas - all while not bumping their head, tripping, or appearing uncoordinated. They are relying heavily on this internal sense.
What is proprioception?
When an infant’s head is turned to one side, this reflex causes the arm and leg on that side to extend while the opposite limbs flex.
What is the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)?
Young children progress in their ability to grasp objects from early whole-hand use to more refined finger control in these two patterns.
What are Palmar to Digital and Ulnar to Radial?