THE ARCTIC CULTURE AREA
Inuit in the eastern Arctic developed multiple housing forms for use in different ecological and seasonal environments. These included:
snowhouses, sod houses, skin tents
Part of the Cherokee annual ritual cycle, the _____ aimed to give thanks and renew balance, harmony and purity for the next year...
Green Corn Ceremony
"Clan Mothers" or leading Women selected the Sachems (Chiefs) to serve in the leaderships positions of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Grand Council because of this social structure:
Matrilineal Descent groups (Clans)
Unangan primarilu used harpoons or spears for____ and Bows and Arrows for____.
Hunting; Warfare
This U.S. Act split up Alaskan Native peoples land and awarded them $900 million in restitution...
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 1971 (ANCSA)
Beginning in 1741, this group began interacting with the Unangan, and their actions led to significant impacts, such as the overhunting of key species, changes to traditional Unangan technology, and forced labor, hunger and disease among the Unangan.
Russians
Due to numerous hardships, including poor planning, supplies lost due to corruption, and the sheer physical stress of being forced to march on foot, only ___ % of Cherokee survived the "Trail of Tears" from their southeastern homeland to Oklahoma.
67%
The beadwork patterns on these objects represent political agreements among the Iroquois confederacy
Wampum Belts
Anthropologists think that locations of the Iroquoian language family in North America likely reflect a deeper, shared cultural history among Indigenous groups now found in these culture areas...
The Northeast and the Southeast
True or False: The majority of Cherokee invested in working to demonstrate that they could be the cultural, political and social equals of other Euro-Americans by adopting their material culture and social practices...
True
According to Inuit origin stories for the known world, as long as Inuit demonstrate respect as they hunt, prepare and use sea animals’ meat, fat, skin, etc., a female figure named____ , will replenish the sea mammals by throwing them into the sea.
Sedna
By 1800, Cherokee life-ways featured permanent towns led by councils, farming supplemented with foraging, and this form of Social organization...
Matrilineal Clans
the Haudenosaunee Confederacy was founded in order to replace ___________ with ____________ among member nations.
1) retaliating in response to deaths with warfare; 2) negotiation to compensate for loss & promote collective well-being.
Cultural symbolism in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy by AD 1700 included a bundle of arrows to symbolize this...
Collective strength
Key colonial powers in the NE from 1510-1760 included...
British and French
There are three social classes among this group in the Arctic Culture Area--1) Wealthy (honorables), 2) Commoners, and 3) Slaves --and they are also described as having "band-like" Political organization, but many of these features are uncommon of band-level organization.
The Unangan (or Aleut)
BY 1100-500 years ago, ____ lifeways developed alongside Woodland lifeways and intensified Woodland Cultural elements in key river valleys. Large urban towns / cities developed and became major regional centers for trade and ritual practices that were organized by powerful Chiefdoms, and possibly States.
Mississippian life-ways
Kahnawake Mohawk anthropologist Audra Simpson critiques anthropology's conventional concepts and categories for understanding politics because the easy answers they provide do not fully comprehend how Mohawk people have never consented to many of these...
Key Settler colonial ideas and practices
Unangan hunters wore these, and the length represented how much experience they have as hunters...
Specialized and decorative hats
The "Three Sisters" agriculture practiced in both the NE and SE culture areas refers to these three plants...
Corn, Beans, Squash
Disruptions of subsistence ecologies and infectious diseases, like tuberculosis (TB), caused Inuit in northern Quebec to lose an estimated _____ of their population between about 1800-1920.
60%
A coalition of Indigenous peoples nearly succeeded in reducing European Colonial power in the SE region during the _____ of 1710s.
Yamasee War
Around 3,000 years ago, Indigenous peoples in the NE Culture Area developed a “Woodland” life-way that archaeologists define as including three key components:
1) Mound-Building, 2) Pottery Technology, 3) Farming (low-scale horticulture).
The Cherokee understand the world to be composed of three layers: the upper world, this world, and the under world. This world was created by mud scooped from the ocean floor by this creature...
Water Beetle
despite not being able to read or write in any language, in the 1800s, Sequoyah created a syllabary (phonetic writing system) for this language
Cherokee