NPRC Review

Chapters 1-4

100

Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of a capillary network around airway passages? A. Pseudoglandular B. Saccular C. Alveolar D. Canalicular

D. Canalicular

200

What is the function of Wharton’s jelly inside the umbilical cord? A.To help provide nutrition to the fetus B. To prevent the vessels inside the cord from kinking C.To help protect the fetus D. To regulate the temperature between the fetus and the mother

B. To prevent the vessels inside the cord from kinking

300

The respiratory therapist is attending a term labor of a woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes. The baby is very large for gestational age. What other metabolic disturbances should be considered? I. Hyperglycemia II. Hypocalcemia III. Hyperkalemia IV. Hypoglycemia A. II and IV only B. I, II, and III only C. I and III only D. II, III, and IV only

D. II, III, and IV only

400

What measures can the therapist take to prevent heat loss and cold stress before performing resuscitation on a preterm neonate? I. Dry the infant’s skin. II. Wrap the infant in pre-warmed blankets. III. Remove wet linens from around the infant. IV. Measure the neonate’s body temperature. A. IV only B. I and II only C. I, II, and III only D. I, II, and IV only

C. I, II, and III only Correct

500

The therapist has completed a 1-minute Apgar score. The following evaluations were obtained: (1) the infant is pale; (2) the heart rate is 90 beats/minute; (3) the respiratory effort is irregular; (4) some muscle tone is noted; and (5) no response to nasal suctioning is found On the basis of these findings, what Apgar score should be assigned to this neonate? A. 1 B. 2 C.3 D. 5

C. 3

chapters 8-11

100

What clinical parameter is critically important to monitor when mechanical ventilation is administered? A. Blood pressure B. Heart rate C. Temperature D. Respiratory rate

A. Blood pressure

200

Which of the following arteries is considered the optimal puncture site for obtaining arterial blood samples from neonatal and pediatric patients? A. Radial artery B. Axillary artery C. Ulnar artery D. Popliteal arter

A. Radial artery

300

Where does the fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve reside in comparison with the normal adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? A. The two curves have the same position and coincide with each other. B.The adult oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the fetal curve. C. The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the adult curve. D.The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the right of the adult curve.

C.The fetal oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve lies to the left of the adult curve.

400

When administering aerosol therapy to a pediatric patient, which of the following conditions can affect aerosol deposition? I. Airway diameter II. Respiratory rate III. Body weight IV. Nasal breathing A. I and II only B. II, III, and IV only C. III and IV only D. I, II, and IV only

D. I, II, and IV only

500

he physician in the emergency department is attending to a 12-year-old child who has an exacerbation of asthma. The physician asks the therapist to recommend a medication that has a synergistic effect with beta-2 agonists during asthma exacerbations. Which of the following medications should the therapist recommend? A.Montelukast B. Ipratropium bromide C. Fluticasone D.Triamcinolone

B. Ipratropium bromide

chcapters 12-15

100

The following postural drainage positions are shown for a pediatric patient: Which of the diagrams demonstrates the postural drainage position for draining the posterior subsegment of the apical-posterior segment of the left upper lobe? A. Image B B. Image C C. Image A D. Image D

A. Image B

200

Which of the following criteria are used to define ventilatory and hypoxemic dysfunction in patients who may need intubation? I. PaO2 < 80 mm Hg with FiO2 > 0.60 II. PaCO2 > 50-60 mm Hg III. pH < 7.3 IV. PaO2/FiO2 > 250 A. I and III only B. II and III only C. I, II, and III only D. I, III, and IV only

B. II and III only

300

Which of the following is the most important component of pulmonary surfactant? I. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine II. Phosphatidylglycerine III. Phosphatidylinositol IV. Sphingomyelin A. I only B. I and IV only C. I, II, and IV only D. II, III, and IV only

A. I only

400

Which of the following conditions are contraindications for nasal CPAP? I. Pneumonia II. Tracheoesophageal fistula III. Choanal atresia IV. Atelectasis A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I, II, and III only

B. II and III only

500

Which of the following features are often components of CPAP systems incorporated within infant ventilators? I. Highly responsive demand flow systems II. Apnea backup breaths III. FiO2 compensation mechanisms IV. Leak compensation capabilities A. I and II only B. II and III only C. III and IV only D. I, II, and IV only

D. I, II, and IV only

Chapters 16, 17,18 and 22

100

What level of IPAP is typically sufficient to achieve the goals of NPPV in pediatric patients? A. 20 to 25 cm H2O B.15 to 20 cm H2O C.8 to 12 cm H2O D. 5 to 10 cm H2O

C. 8 to 12 cm H2O

200

Which of the following modes of ventilation attempts to maintain a minimum target tidal volume with a constant pressure by manipulating the inspiratory flow? A. Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) B. Pressure support ventilation (PSV) C. Volume-assured pressure support (VAPS) D. Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC)

D. Pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC)

300

Vascular smooth muscle is largely dependent on which of the following intracellular ions? A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2+ D. Mg2+

C. Ca2+

400

The therapist notices that gas exchange has dramatically improved in a neonate undergoing HFOV. However, weaning has not been implemented accordingly. What are the consequences of failing to quickly wean a neonatal patient from HFV? A. Pulmonary overdistention B. Pulmonary hypertension C. Alveolar derecruitment D. Decreased pulse rate

A. Pulmonary overdistention

500

What radiographic features is the therapist likely to see on a typical chest X-ray of an infant with MAS? A. Ground-glass appearance B. Complete whiteout C. Decreased lung volume D. Patchy areas of atelectasis

D. Patchy areas of atelectasis

Chapters 27-29

100

When neonatal pneumonia is suspected, how long does an infant generally receive broad-spectrum antibiotics? A. 24 hours B. 48 hours C. 72 hours D. 96 hours

C. 72 hours

200

Which of the following types of cells play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma? I. Mast cells II. Eosinophils III. Neutrophils IV. Basophils A. I and III only B. II and IV only C. I, II, and III only D. II, III, and IV only

C. I, II, and III only

300

Which of the following pathophysiologic events are responsible for airway obstruction? I. Airway remodeling II. Airway edema III. Gas velocity IV. Mucous plugging A. I and IV only B. I, II, and III only C. I, II, and IV only D. II, III, and IV only

C. I, II, and IV only

400

ch of the following respiratory signs and symptoms should prompt the therapist for evaluation of cystic fibrosis in a child? I. Recurrent wheezing II. Frequent thick sputum production III. Chronic cough IV. Nasal polyps A. I and II only B. III and IV only C. I, II, and III only D. I, II, III, and IV

D. I, II, III, and IV

500

On the basis of the Berlin definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the definition of moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome comprises which of the following components? I. PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mm Hg II. Onset of respiratory symptoms within 1 week of clinical insult III. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure greater than 18 mm Hg IV. Chest radiograph with bilateral infiltrates not fully explained by effusions or collapse A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and IV only D. I, II, and IV only

C. II and IV only Correct