Musculoskeletal 2
What is the most common mechanism of injury for a lateral ankle sprain, and which ligament is most frequently involved? Briefly describe the position of the foot and ankle during this type of injury.
The most common mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain is an inversion injury with the ankle in plantarflexion. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most frequently involved ligament in this type of sprain.
What post-operatively should be used for a patient post trans-tibial amputation to prevent contractures?
Rigid dressing
A physical therapist works with a patient who is in the initial stages of recovery post traumatic brain injury. Based on the typical pattern of spasticity experienced with upper motor neuron disorders, which of the following muscles would MOST likely be affected?
1.Flexor carpi radialis
2.Supinator
3.Triceps
4.Extensor digitorum
1.Flexor carpi radialis
List three risk factors associated with the development of adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder).
Three risk factors associated with adhesive capsulitis include diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2), thyroid disorders, and being in the 40-65 year age range (peak incidence at 51-55 years)
This type of burn affects the epidermis and dermis, presents with blisters, and is very painful but has a good prognosis for healing.
What is a superficial partial-thickness burn?
Explain the Anterior Drawer Test for the ankle. What ligament is primarily being assessed with this test, and what constitutes a positive finding?
The Anterior Drawer Test is performed with the ankle in about 10-15 degrees of plantarflexion. The examiner stabilizes the distal tibia and fibula and attempts to translate the talus anteriorly. A positive test is indicated by excessive anterior translation of the talus compared to the uninjured side, suggesting laxity of the anterior talofibular ligament.
When is a reverse total arthroscopy indicated?
rotator cuff dysfunction that can't be fixed via surgery: inoperable tear of supraspinatus
A patient is examined in physical therapy following a mild traumatic brain injury. The physical therapist begins by observing the patient’s eyes and notes that the right eye is angled inward so that is rests closer to the midline of the face than the left eye. Which cranial nerve would MOST likely be affected based on the identified abnormality?
1.Cranial nerve II
2.Cranial nerve III
3.Cranial nerve IV
4.Cranial nerve VI
4.Cranial nerve VI
6. A PT works with a patient who has R hemiparesis post stroke. As the patient lies in supine, therapist applies resistance to R elbow flexion and notes mass flexion of R lower extremity as the resistance is applied. The PT should document this response as which of the following associated reactions?
1. Rainmiste’s phenomenon
2. Souques’ phenomenon
3. coordination synkinesis
4. Homolateral synkinesis
4. Homolateral synkinesis
This condition is caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive urination and thirst.
What is diabetes insipidus?
What are the four classic fracture types of the distal radius, and what are the distinguishing characteristics of a Colles fracture?
The four classic distal radius fracture types are Colles, Smith, Barton, and Chauffeur fractures. A Colles fracture is an extraarticular fracture with dorsal angulation, typically resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH) with a pronated forearm in wrist extension, leading to a "dinner fork" deformity.
Athrokinematics to improve radial deviation
The radiocarpal joint consists of the concave distal radius and the convex proximal row of carpals. ulnar glide will be the best technique to perform to increase ulnar deviation.
A physical therapist completes a sensory test by placing a key in patients hand with their eyes closed and asking them what object they are holding. What type of sensation is assessed using this method?
1.Barognosis
2.Graphesthesia
3.Recognition of texture
4.Stereognosis
4.Stereognosis
Which sided (L or R) heart failure has the characteristic of jugular vein distention?
R sided
A patient with this genetic disorder has an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, requiring strict dietary restrictions to prevent neurological impairments.
What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Describe the pathophysiology of De Quervain’s syndrome, including the specific tendons involved and common aggravating factors.
De Quervain’s syndrome is a painful stenosing tenosynovitis affecting the first extensor tendon compartment, involving the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons. It is often associated with overuse involving repetitive thumb radial abduction and simultaneous extension and radial wrist deviation.
What special test for TOS do you not need to monitor the radial pulse?
Roos
A physical therapist recognizes that a child has significant difficulty flexing the neck while in a supine position. Failure to integrate which of the following reflexes would BEST explain the child’s difficulty?
1.Tonic labyrinthine
2.Moro
3.Asymmetrical tonic neck
4.Symmetrical tonic neck
1.Tonic labyrinthine
A 6-month-old child was referred to physical therapy for right torticollis. The MOST effective method to stretch the muscle is by positioning the head and neck into?
Extension, left side-bending, and right rotation
This autoimmune neuromuscular disorder is characterized by weakness in the voluntary muscles, often improving with rest and worsening with activity.
What is myasthenia gravis?
What are some important post-operative rehabilitation considerations following a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) regarding the subscapularis muscle?
Following a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), repair of the subscapularis tendon is critical for restoring internal rotation and overall shoulder function. Post-operative rehabilitation protocols often involve an initial period limiting external rotation and avoiding active internal rotation to protect the healing subscapularis, with a gradual progression of exercises.
What can cause a negative Lachman's test for a patient with an ACL rupture?
Muscle guarding of HS due to attachment of biceps femoris and semitendionsus
According to prediction values for locomotive training for patients with SCI, what is an important value to know?
1.Motor score of L2
2. Motor score of L3
3. Motor score of L4
4. Motor score of S1
2. Motor score of L3
You are evaluating a patient with foot drop and are deciding on whether or not a posterior leaf orthotic would be appropriate. The patient has some strength in the plantar flexors, but it is a 1. Is the posterior leaf appropriate?
No- they do not have enough PF strength to overcome the DF assist from the posterior leaf spring. Their gait will essentially have no push off.
The presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, commonly leading to pelvic pain and infertility, is characteristic of this condition.
What is endometriosis?