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INTRO TO PATHO/Inflammation/Healing
Fluids/Electrolytes
Acid /Base
Integumentary
Cancer
100

Increase in size of individual cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass. Examples: Enlarged heart from increase demands Increased muscles size from weight lifting

What is hypertrophy?

100
The overall "Pulling effect" of colloids, such as plasma proteins.
What is Oncotic Pressure (which is a form of osmotic pressure or the amount of pressure required to stop osmotic flow of water)
100
Buffering occurs in response to acid-base status. This is the most important plasma buffer system.
What is the carbonic acid- bicarbonate pair (bicarbonate is a base). The lungs work to regulate carbonic acid (H2CO3) levels whereas the kidneys work to regulate bicarbonate(HCO3) levels.
100
The deepest layer of the skin.
What is the dermis?
100

This tumor grows slowly, non invasive, well differentiated, and doesn't metastasize.

What is a benign tumor?

200
Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to tissue or an organ from reduced blood supply.
What is ischemia?
200
The force within a fluid compartment that "pushes" water out of a vascular system at the arterial end of the capillary.
What is hydrostatic pressure
200

Daily DOUBLE- 2 Parts: 1) The respiratory system compensates by increasing ventilation to expire carbon dioxide or be decreasing ventilation to retain carbon dioxide in these 2 imblances? 2) The renal system compensates by producing acidic or alkaline urine.

What is 1) Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis 2) Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis

200
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder that begins as a red papule and develops into silvery plaques commonly found on the face, scalp, elbows, and knees.
What is Psoriasis?
200
Occurs in only Malignant tumors and is the development of it's own blood supply which promotes further growth.
What is angiogenesis?
300

Histamine & prostaglandins, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability in inflammation.

What is Chemical Mediators?

300
DAILY DOUBLE!! 2 Parts: 1) Clinical Manifestations include dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, low Blood pressure, tachycardia caused by vomitting, diarrhea or insufficient water inake. 2) Clinical Manifestations include localized swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure, bradycardia caused increased hydrostatic pressure (ie. CHF, renal failure), decreased plasma oncotic pressure (liver failure), increased capillary permeability (ie. burns), lymph obstruction.
What is : 1) Fluid volume deficit or Dehydration 2) Fluid volume excess or Edema
300
This is an elevation of pCO2 as a result of hypoventilation; causes include COPD, drug depression of the respiratory system, pneumonia, asthma, or chest injuries.
What is Repiratory Acidosis? QUESTION: DISCUSS COMPENSATION
300
Common bacterial infection in infants/children caused most often by Staphloccocus Aureus and is a highly contagious superficial lesion of the skin.
What is Impetigo?
300
List 3 local effects of Malignant Tumors.
What is pain, obstruction, tissue necrosis, weight loss and cachexia, anemia, and severe fatigue.
400

Effects of inflammation which include mild fever, maliase, and fatigue.

What is systemic effects of Inflammation? DISCUSS LOCAL EFFECTS???

400
Causes include vomiting,diarrhea, suctioning of gastrointestinal secretions, burns, hormonal imbalances such as not enough aldosterone or too much ADH; the client can develop cerebral edema (seen as confusion, HA, seizures) if these levels become a critical level.
What is Hyponatrema?
400
This is decrease blood levels of bicarbonate or an increase in hydrogen acid (noncarbonic acid) and is caused by renal failure, DKA, or excessive loss of bicarbonate from diarrhea
What is Metabolic Acidosis? DISCUSS COMPENSATION
400
The most common cause of cold sores or fever blisters and is from a virus.
What is Herpes Simplex type 1 (HSV-1)?
400
List 3 ways a malignant tumor can spread
What is invasion, metastasis, seeding?
500

This burn involves damage to the epidermis and MAY involve the upper dermis. Give an example of a cause.

What is superficial partial-thickness burns (1st degree)? Examples: sunburn or mild scald

500
Signs/Symptoms include cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness progressing to paralysis and can be caused by renal failure, too little aldosterone hormone, burns, or massive crush injuries.
What is HyperKalemia?
500
This is a decrease of pCO2 in the blood as a result of hyperventilation caused by severe anxiety with hyperventilation, or central nervous system disease.
What is Respiratory Alkalosis? DISCUSS COMPENSATION
500
The most serious skin cancer; risk factors include UV radiation, fair hair, light skin with a propensity to sunburn, and 3 or more atypical nevi (moles).
What is Malignant Melanoma?
500
This treatment causes adverse effects from the destruction of rapidly growing/dividing cells and includes: bone marrow supression (anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), epithelial damage (hair loss), nausea/vomitting, and nonspecific fatigue.
What is Chemotherapy? DISCUSS Adverse effects of Radiation.