Introduction to Community Health Nursing
A community health nurse is tasked with evaluating the success of a smoking cessation program implemented in a local neighborhood with high rates of smoking. The program has been running for 6 months, and the nurse is now reviewing data to determine its effectiveness. Which of the following would be the most appropriate method for the nurse to use in evaluating the success of the smoking cessation program?
a) Assessing the number of participants who completed the program and received counseling services.
b) Surveying participants to gather their opinions on how useful they found the program materials.
c) Comparing the smoking rates in the neighborhood before and after the program implementation.
d) Interviewing community leaders to determine their perceptions of the program’s impact on the neighborhood.
c) Comparing the smoking rates in the neighborhood before and after the program implementation.
A nurse is involved in a research project examining the relationship between childhood obesity and adult diabetes. The nurse is reviewing past medical records to identify individuals who were obese as children and developed diabetes as adults. Which type of study design is being used in this research?
a) Cross-sectional study
b) Retrospective study
c) Longitudinal study
d) Experimental study
b) Retrospective study
A community health nurse is advocating for better healthcare access in a rural area. The nurse decides to meet with legislators to influence health policy related to rural healthcare access. This process is an example of:
a) Health education
b) Lobbying
c) Political advocacy
d) Health policy research
b) Lobbying
A community health nurse is planning a health education campaign on reducing the risk of lung cancer in a local community. The campaign will focus on educating people about smoking cessation and promoting healthy lifestyles. Which level of prevention does this intervention represent?
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) health promotion and prevention
a) Primary prevention
A community health nurse is conducting a needs assessment in a neighborhood with high rates of smoking-related illnesses. After gathering data, the nurse develops a community health diagnosis and plans interventions to address the issue. Which of the following is the most appropriate community health diagnosis for this neighborhood, based on the data collected?
a) Risk for cardiovascular disease related to smoking in the adult population, as evidenced by high rates of heart disease and smoking behaviors in the community.
b) Knowledge deficit regarding smoking cessation, as evidenced by increased smoking rates and limited access to cessation programs.
c) High prevalence of lung cancer among individuals aged 50 and older, as evidenced by the lack of early screening programs in the community.
d) Ineffective coping related to stress and lack of social support, as evidenced by increased smoking as a coping mechanism among adults in the community.
a) Risk for cardiovascular disease related to smoking in the adult population, as evidenced by high rates of heart disease and smoking behaviors in the community.
A community health nurse is working on a project to assess the burden of a chronic disease in a local population. The nurse is asked to provide data on the number of new cases of diabetes diagnosed over the past year as well as the total number of existing cases of diabetes in the community. Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between incidence and prevalence?
a) Incidence measures the total number of existing cases of diabetes in a population, while prevalence measures the number of new cases diagnosed in a given time period.
b) Incidence refers to the number of new and existing cases of diabetes in a population, while prevalence refers only to new cases of diabetes diagnosed during the year.
c) Incidence measures the occurrence of new cases of diabetes in a specified period, while prevalence measures the total number of cases (both new and existing) at a specific point in time.
d) Incidence and prevalence are both used to measure the total burden of diabetes in a community at a specific time, so they are interchangeable terms.
c) Incidence measures the occurrence of new cases of diabetes in a specified period, while prevalence measures the total number of cases (both new and existing) at a specific point in time.
Which of the following is an example of a disparity in access to healthcare?
a) A rural community with limited access to specialty care
b) A community with high health literacy rates
c) A city with multiple healthcare facilities available
d) A population with equal access to healthcare services regardless of socioeconomic status
a) A rural community with limited access to specialty care
A community health nurse is working with a local support group for people who have been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. The nurse is helping group members manage their symptoms, adhere to medication regimens, and make lifestyle adjustments to slow the progression of the disease. Which level of prevention is being implemented in this situation?
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) health promotion and prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
A community health nurse is conducting a windshield survey of an urban neighborhood to assess health-related factors. During the survey, the nurse observes various environmental and social indicators. Which of the following findings would most likely indicate potential health challenges in this community?
a) Well-maintained parks and recreational areas for children
b) A high number of convenience stores selling processed foods near residential areas
c) A large number of healthcare facilities within walking distance of the population
d) Clean, well-maintained housing with low vacancy rates
b) A high number of convenience stores selling processed foods near residential areas
A community health nurse is developing a strategy to reduce the transmission of a highly contagious respiratory infection in a local school. The nurse is focusing on the portal of exit in the chain of transmission. Which of the following actions by the nurse is most effective in eliminating the portal of exit for respiratory infections in this setting?
a) Encouraging students to cover their coughs and sneezes with tissues or elbows
b) Providing students with antiviral medications to reduce the severity of symptoms
c) Installing air purifiers in the classrooms to improve air quality
d) Offering flu vaccines to all students and staff to prevent infection
a) Encouraging students to cover their coughs and sneezes with tissues or elbows
A nurse is working with a client who is attempting to quit smoking. The client has recently made the decision to stop smoking and has started reducing their cigarette consumption. According to the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change, which stage is the client in?
a) Precontemplation
b) Contemplation
c) Preparation
d) Action
c) Preparation
A community health nurse is organizing a screening program to detect hypertension among adults aged 40 and older. The nurse plans to measure blood pressure, refer individuals with elevated readings for further testing, and provide follow-up care. Which of the following best describes the goal of this intervention?
a) Preventing the development of hypertension
b) Identifying individuals with hypertension early and providing treatment
c) Preventing complications in individuals with existing hypertension
d) Educating the community on healthy lifestyle choices to prevent hypertension
b) Identifying individuals with hypertension early and providing treatment
A community health nurse is assessing the needs of the elderly residents in a rural area. The nurse wants to ensure that the health program is designed to meet the specific needs of this population. Which of the following actions would best identify the needs of this aggregate group? (Select all that apply.)
a) Conducting a windshield survey of the rural area to observe environmental and social factors affecting health.
b) Reviewing general national health statistics to understand the trends that might affect the elderly population.
c) Using generic health assessments that apply to all populations, without considering the unique needs of the elderly group.
d) Asking elderly residents to provide feedback on their perceived health challenges through interviews or focus groups.
a) Conducting a windshield survey of the rural area to observe environmental and social factors affecting health.
d) Asking elderly residents to provide feedback on their perceived health challenges through interviews or focus groups.
A community health nurse is developing a program to address the rising rates of hypertension in a local population. The nurse is planning to use the Web of Causation model. Which of the following factors, when considered through the Web of Causation model, best illustrates the interaction of multiple determinants contributing to the development of hypertension?
a) A 45-year-old woman with a family history of high blood pressure and a sedentary lifestyle
b) A 60-year-old man with a diagnosis of hypertension who has been prescribed medication for blood pressure control
c) A 35-year-old woman who recently quit smoking and is attending regular exercise classes
d) A 50-year-old man with a history of heart disease who has started following a low-sodium diet
a) A 45-year-old woman with a family history of high blood pressure and a sedentary lifestyle
A community health nurse is helping individuals understand their eligibility for Medicaid. Based on income, family size, and age, which of the following individuals is most likely to qualify for Medicaid benefits?
a) A 66-year-old retired woman who receives Social Security income of $60,000 per year and has no dependents.
b) A 45-year-old woman with an annual income of $18,000 and two dependent children aged 5 and 8.
c) A 25-year-old employed man earning $40,000 annually, with employer-sponsored health insurance.
d) A 70-year-old man with a yearly income of $50,000, living alone and in good health.
b) A 45-year-old woman with an annual income of $18,000 and two dependent children aged 5 and 8.
A community health nurse is leading a campaign to promote healthy eating habits, regular exercise, and weight management to prevent type 2 diabetes in an at-risk population. Which of the following is the best example of a primary prevention strategy in this campaign?
a) Educating individuals with prediabetes on managing blood sugar levels
b) Teaching families how to prepare healthy meals and exercise together
c) Providing screenings to detect early signs of type 2 diabetes
d) Offering counseling services to people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
b) Teaching families how to prepare healthy meals and exercise together
A community health nurse is planning an intervention to reduce rates of obesity and improve access to physical activity in a local community. The nurse refers to the Healthy People 2030 initiative as a guide. Which of the following examples aligns with the goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative? (Select all that apply.)
a) Increasing the number of community centers with walking trails and recreational programs for all age groups.
b) Reducing the percentage of adults who report consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day.
c) Improving access to nutritious foods in underserved areas through community gardens and farmer’s markets.
d) Decreasing the proportion of individuals who engage in physical activity at least three times per week.
a) Increasing the number of community centers with walking trails and recreational programs for all age groups.
c) Improving access to nutritious foods in underserved areas through community gardens and farmer’s markets.
A community health nurse is developing a public health campaign to decrease the spread of preventable infectious diseases in a local urban community with high rates of vaccine-preventable diseases and infectious outbreaks. The nurse aims to implement actions that will be most effective in reducing transmission and improving health outcomes. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the community health campaign to decrease the spread of preventable infectious diseases? (Select all that apply.)
a) Promote the importance of vaccination for all age groups, especially for children and vulnerable adults.
b) Encourage regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly before eating and after using the restroom.
c) Advocate for the use of over-the-counter antibiotics to treat symptoms of common respiratory infections and prevent the spread of illness.
d) Distribute information about the importance of proper respiratory hygiene, including covering coughs and sneezes with tissues or elbows.
e) Provide resources on the safe handling and storage of food to prevent foodborne infections and reduce the risk of contamination.
a) Promote the importance of vaccination for all age groups, especially for children and vulnerable adults.
b) Encourage regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly before eating and after using the restroom.
d) Distribute information about the importance of proper respiratory hygiene, including covering coughs and sneezes with tissues or elbows.
e) Provide resources on the safe handling and storage of food to prevent foodborne infections and reduce the risk of contamination.
Which of the following actions can individuals take to reduce their exposure to poor air quality? (Select all that apply.)
a) Using air purifiers in the home
b) Spending time outdoors during high pollution days
c) Avoiding wearing a mask during high air pollution events
d) Reducing physical activity on days when air quality is poor
a) Using air purifiers in the home
d) Reducing physical activity on days when air quality is poor
A community health nurse is planning interventions for individuals who have been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following activities are examples of tertiary prevention? (Select all that apply.)
a) Providing a smoking cessation program to reduce the risk of COPD in individuals who are at risk.
b) Educating a patient with COPD on proper inhaler use to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
c) Organizing a support group for individuals with COPD to help them cope with the emotional impact of their diagnosis.
d) Conducting a lung function screening for individuals in the community to detect early signs of COPD.
e) Assisting a patient with COPD in developing a daily routine of breathing exercises to improve lung function and quality of life.
b) Educating a patient with COPD on proper inhaler use to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
c) Organizing a support group for individuals with COPD to help them cope with the emotional impact of their diagnosis.
e) Assisting a patient with COPD in developing a daily routine of breathing exercises to improve lung function and quality of life.