TREE ANATOMY
What part of a tree absorbs water and nutrients from the soil?
Roots
Which of our six trees has long needles commonly grouped in bundles of three?
Ponderosa Pine
What does DBH stand for?
Diameter at Breast Height
Trees competing for sunlight, water, nutrients, and space are experiencing what?
Competition
What does it mean to scale a log?
Measure it to estimate usable wood/volume
What tissue transports water upward through the tree?
Xylem / sapwood
Which tree we've studied is a conifer but is NOT a true fir?
Douglas-fir
At what height above the ground is DBH measured?
4.5 feet
What word describes the overall health and growth condition of a tree?
Vigor
Why would a lumber mill need to scale logs?
To estimate volume, inventory, value, and/or potential lumber production
What tissue transports sugars/food made by the leaves?
Phloem
Which of our trees is known for scale-like foliage rather than long pine needles?
Incense-cedar
What tool can directly measure a tree's DBH?
Diameter tape
Give two things you could observe to help determine a tree's health or vigor.
Answers vary: crown, foliage, growth, damage, disease, insects, wounds, etc.
Before deciding how a forest should be managed, professionals first need to know what resources and conditions are present. What is this step called?
Inventory
What thin layer produces new xylem and phloem and allows the tree to grow in diameter?
Cambium
Which deciduous oak we've studied loses its leaves seasonally?
California Black Oak
A tree has a circumference of 62.8 inches. Approximately what is its DBH?
20 inches
Why might an overcrowded forest affect tree vigor?
More competition for limited resources
Put these management steps in order: Act, Inventory, Monitor, Assess, Adapt, Prioritize.
Inventory → Assess → Prioritize → Act → Monitor → Adapt
Put these layers in order from outside to inside: heartwood, cambium, outer bark, xylem/sapwood, phloem.
Outer Bark → Phloem → Cambium → Xylem/Sapwood → Heartwood
Name four of the six tree species we've studied.
Ponderosa Pine, Douglas-fir, Incense-cedar, California Black Oak, Interior Live Oak, Gray Pine
If you only know circumference, what formula can you use to estimate DBH?
Circumference ÷ 3.14
Put our basic field observations in order: Competition, Species/Type, Observations, DBH, Vigor.
Species/Type → DBH → Vigor → Competition → Observations
Explain one connection between something we learned in class and something you observed on our forestry field trip.
Answers vary — must make an accurate connection.