Airway Anatomy and Physiology
_______ occurs at the cellular level.
_______ is the movement of air between the atmosphere and the lungs.
_______ is the passage of fluid through the circulatory and/or lymphatic system and diffusion is the movement of anything from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Respiration, Ventilation, Perfusion
Blind-insertion supraglottic airway devices
King Airway and iGEL (LMA)
Signs of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient
See-saw breathing, nasal flaring, and retractions
Leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester
Ectopic Pregnancy
The six basic components of the incident command system (ICS) are
command, operations, planning, logistics, finance, and safety.
A negative impact of delivering too much volume when administering positive pressure ventilations to a neonate
Pneumothorax
Abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway
Stridor
When fluid fills the space around the heart and places pressure on it and is usually caused by blunt force trauma to the chest.
Cardiac Tamponade
Most common cause of EMS interaction with the chief complaint of abdominal pain in females.
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
What is the preferred method for initially providing ventilations to an apneic patient when no pocket mask is available?
A two-person BVM is the preferred method in rapidly ventilating an apneic patient. A BVM can be operated by one person, but it is harder to ensure a proper seal as it requires two hands while another hand is used to squeeze the bag. A NRB mask will only provide 60–95% oxygen.
During EXHALATION , the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles _____ , which _____ the volume of the intrathoracic cavity and as a result of all of that the pressure _____ .
Relax, Decreases, Increases
Thrombus vs Embolus
Thrombus is stationary, an embolus moves.
Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis will commonly present with _______ respirations: rapid deep breathing or hyperventilation caused by metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul
What are considered to be the three normal stages of labor?
Placental stage
Dilation stage
Expulsion stage
At the scene of an MVC, you are conducting your rapid trauma assessment of a 76-year-old male. Upon examination of the chest, you see a raised section of ribs. There is an absence of paradoxical motion. What type of injury does this man most likely have?
The absence of paradoxical chest motion indicates that this is not a flail segment and most likely broken ribs.
External VS Internal respirations
External respiration - also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation). Internal respiration - oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
_______ Occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a racing heart, followed by shock.
Tension Pneomothorax
See-Saw breathing, aka _____ breathing can be described as abdominal expansion with chest collapse on inspiration.
This can indicate _________
Paradoxical. chest trauma or obstruction.
Condition in which the placenta is formed abnormally close to the cervical opening and can disrupt a normal delivery
placenta previa
You have been called for an interfacility transport of a patient who recently contracted meningococcal meningitis while traveling abroad. The disease is highly contagious, and the hospital has secured the patient in a negative-pressure room. You are briefed on appropriate PPE precautions to take. The term used to describe the patient's current seclusion is?
ISOLATION is the seclusion of people who have an active disease that can be transmitted to others. Quarantine is the seclusion of groups of people who are asymptomatic currently but may have been exposed to a contagious disease.
When the respiratory system fails to remove sufficient levels of CO2 to prevent a DECREASE in pH. Any condition that interferes with removal of CO2 can cause this condition.
Examples include overdose, PE, dyspnea.
Respiratory Acidosis
Why is aspirin used for a potential heart attack?
Aspirin inhibits platelets from sticking together which is what causes the blood to clot. It acts to slow the clotting process and reduce the size of existing clots. Giving aspirin to a patient exhibiting signs of a heart attack will slow the process of clotting down which can be life-saving.
Breathing in sequences of uniformly deep gasps, apnea, then more gasps. Caused by damage to the pons of the brain stem, secondary to head/facial trauma.
Biot's respirations.
Complication of pregnancy in which the woman retains large amounts of fluid and has hypertension. Symptoms also include protein in urine, water retention and swelling.
Preeclampsia
You note that your 86-year-old female patient is breathing at 4 breaths-per-minute when you first walk into the room. Your partner palpates a radial pulse and asks what you want to do first. Choose the best option?
You would assess this patient using C-A-B. You know she has adequate circulation, but you can't initiate ventilation before you reposition the airway. If you opened the airway and she still had inadequate ventilations, you would next insert an OPA and begin ventilating her with a BVM.