Neuro 101
These are the two divisions of the nervous system
PNS and ANS
A patient has the right to make decisions about their own medical care, even if the physician disagrees. This ethical principle is called this.
Autonomy
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response
Sympathetic NS
A patient suddenly develops facial drooping, arm weakness, and slurred speech. This medical emergency should be suspected.
Stroke
What is the largest organ of the human body?
Skin
The part of the neuron that receives most incoming signals.
Dendrites
A physician recommends a treatment because they believe it will benefit the patient. This principle is called this.
Beneficience
A patient can understand language but struggles to produce fluent speech. Damage to what area is most likely?
Broca's area
After a concussion, a patient is confused and has difficulty forming new memories. This brain structure is particularly important for memory formation.
Hippocampus
This ion rushes into a neuron during the rising phase of an action potential.
Na+ (sodium)
The neurotransmitter primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
A physician avoids prescribing an unnecessary treatment because it could cause more harm than benefit. This principle is called this.
nonmaleficence
A patient can understand language but struggles to produce fluent speech. Damage to what area is most likely?
Broca's area
A patient has repeated episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that cause loss of consciousness and uncontrolled movements.
Seizure
Progressive memory loss with beta-amyloid plaques
This brain region is primarily responsible for balance and coordination
Cerebellum
A physician fails to disclose a significant risk of a procedure before a patient agrees to it. This requirement of medical decision-making has been violated.
Informed consent
A patient has a resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Loss of which neurotransmitter is most associated with these symptoms?
Dopamine
A patient with multiple sclerosis develops weakness and vision problems. The disease primarily damages this structure surrounding many CNS axons.
Myelin
You touch a hot stove and immediately pull your hand away before consciously feeling the pain. What neural circuit allows this rapid response?
Reflex arc
Damage to this lobe can cause difficulty understanding language
Wernicke's area / temporal lobe
A medical student notices that their friend has accessed a patient's chart out of curiosity. What ethical obligation has been violated?
Patient confidentiality/privacy
Which glial cells form myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
A patient cannot recognize familiar faces despite having normal vision. Damage to which brain region is most associated with this condition?
Fusiform face area
This blood-brain barrier cell type helps regulate the extracellular environment and contributes to maintaining the barrier.
Astrocytes