This organ in the body regulates insulin and glucagon production.
What is the pancreas?
100
This disaccharide has been known to cause cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
What is lactose?
100
The digestion process for fats begins here.
What is the mouth?
100
HCl activates this inactive enzyme into its active form in the stomach.
What is pepsinogen?
100
This anaerobic metabolic process produces 2 ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
200
What cells in the pancreas produce glucagon? Which ones produce insulin?
What are alpha cells and beta cells respectively?
200
There are two forms of this enzyme, one in the mouth and one in the pancreas. Both digest carbs.
What is amylase?
200
This hormone stimulates the release of bile from the liver to the gallbladder.
What is secretin?
200
This protease breaks down polypeptides into amino acids in the stomach.
What is pepsin?
200
Pyruvate is converted into this molecule in anaerobic metabolism, and the liver converts this molecule back into glucose.
What is lactic acid?
300
This hormone, which breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids, is stimulated when insulin levels are low and the body is in a fasting state.
What is hormone sensitive lipase?
300
These enzymes found in the intestinal cells of the small intestine are capable of cleaving disaccharides for digestion.
What are saccharidases?
300
This structure in the intestinal tract releases hormones in response to stretching and the presence of fatty acids.
What is the duodenum?
300
This hormone inhibits HCl in the stomach.
What is gastric inhibitory hormone?
300
Pyruvate is converted into this molecule, which then enters the Krebs cycle aerobic metabolism.
What is acetyl CoA?
400
This chronic disease is characterized by high circulating levels of both insulin and glucose in the blood (indicating receptor malfunction) and has a strong genetic component.
What is Type 2 diabetes (adult onset)?
400
This disaccharide is comprised of one molecule each of glucose and fructose.
What is sucrose?
400
Bile binds to fats and creates this structure.
What is a micelle?
400
The organ from which these proteases are secreted are ultimately responsible for the absorption of amino acids into intestinal cells.
What is the pancreas?
400
In ketogenesis, these long carbon chains are converted into acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle to produce acetone for energy.
What are fatty acids?
500
This organ, when acted upon by insulin, facilitates glycogen/fat production and inhibits amino acid production from glucose.
What is the liver?
500
This carbohydrate cannot be fully broken down by either salivary or pancreatic amylase.
What is fiber?
500
Upon being broken down by pancreatic lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, this molecule is then reconstituted after entering an epithelial cell.
What is a triglyceride?
500
This substance is released from the pancreas, is stimulated by secretin, and does not inhibit HCl but neutralizes it.
What is bicarbonate?
500
The process in which NADH and FADH2 release their protons to the electron transport chain.