Earth in Space
Earth Science
Physics
Chemistry
Life Sciences
100

What causes the change in seasons on Earth?

The tilt of Earth's axis relative to its orbit around the Sun.

100

What type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, and often exhibits interlocking crystals?

Igneous rock.

100

 What term describes the energy possessed by an object due to its motion or movement?

Kinetic energy.

100

What term describes the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?

Atom.

100

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

Cell.

200

What causes the phenomenon of ocean tides on Earth?

Gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun on Earth's oceans.

200

What term describes the process by which rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces by physical, chemical, or biological means?

Weathering.

200

What type of energy is stored in an object due to its position or configuration, such as a compressed spring or an object raised above the ground?

Potential energy.

200

What term describes a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)?

Solution.

200

What are the three fundamental principles of cell theory?

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

300

What process powers the Sun, converting hydrogen into helium and releasing energy?

Nuclear fusion.

300

What geological phenomenon occurs at the boundaries of tectonic plates where they move apart from each other, allowing magma to rise and form new crust?

Seafloor spreading.

300

What is the name of the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact with each other?

Friction.

300

What term describes the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding and determine the atom's reactivity?

Valence electrons.

300

What type of cell division produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Meiosis.

400

What is the name of the phenomenon where the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on Earth's surface?

Solar eclipse.

400

What atmospheric phenomenon occurs when warm air rises and cools, causing water vapor to condense into tiny droplets or ice crystals, forming clouds?

Condensation.

400

What type of waves require a medium, such as air, water, or solids, to propagate, and cannot travel through a vacuum?

Mechanical waves.

400

What type of mixture is uniform in composition throughout and consists of a single phase?

Homogeneous mixture.

400

What are large geographic areas characterized by similar climate, vegetation, and animal life?

Biomes.

500

What is the name of the tide that occurs when the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon are aligned, resulting in higher high tides and lower low tides?

Spring tide.

500

What meteorological phenomenon occurs when warm, moist air rises rapidly, cools, and condenses to form towering clouds, often leading to thunderstorms and heavy rainfall?

Rainfall or thunderstorms.

500

What term describes the energy associated with the motion of particles within a substance, arising from the temperature of the substance?

Thermal energy.

500

What does the pH scale measure, indicating the acidity or basicity of a solution?

The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.

500

What is the name of the connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone in the human body?

Tendon.