Somatosensory
Name the different mechanosensory receptors
What are Merkel disc, meissner corpuscles, pacinian corpuscles, and ruffini's endings?
The perception of pitch
What is the fundamental frequency
A porous bone that axons from the olfactory sensory neurons pass through there on their way to the pyriform cortex.
What is the cribriform plate?
In the dark, photoreceptors are
What is depolarized?
The concept that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information
What is a labeled line?
The difference between type 1 and type 2 mechanosensory cells
What is type 1 cells are located in the epidermis and have small receptive fields, well type 2 cells are located deeper in the dermis and have larger receptive fields?
What is a tonotopical arrangement?
What is the alpha-subunit?
The area of the retina that has a high density of cones
What is fovea?
The mechanosensory receptor ending that is FAII and its function
What is Pacinian Corpuscle and vibration/pressure?
The exogenous ligand that activates TRPV1 fibers
What is capsaicin?
Bathes the stereocilia, high in K+
What is the Endolymph?
Odors are coded by what allows for more variety in smell detection with fewer receptors
What is population code or combinatorial code?
The perceived color when all wavelengths are reflected equally
What is White?
Explain the steps in the olfactory sensory transduction cascade
Slide #13 of the olfactory lecture
The fiber type that typically carries information about nociception
What are C fibers?
The afferent nerve fibers of the inner hair cells can be inhibited by efferent nerve fibers using this neurotransmitter.
What is ACh?
Linda Buck (Richard Axel did NOTHING)
The conformation of retinal after it is exposed to light
What is all-trans retinal?
A cochlear implant works through having...
The somatosensory pathway to the brain that sends mechanosensory information, and the pathway that sends nociception information
What is the medial lemniscus pathway?
What is the spinal thalamic pathway?
Name and describe the location of the three major membranes in the cochlea
Tectorial membrane, on top, hair cells brush up against causing their ion channels to open
Reticular lamina, middle (stereocilia above, base of hair cells below), impenetrable to ions, separates the endolymph from perilymph
Basilar membrane, bottom, hair cells sit on top, is innervated tonotopically by afferent neurons.
Draw or describe the olfactory circuit
ORN's responding to the same odors converge onto the same glomerulus. The glomerulus is where the axons of ORN's and dendrites of mitral cells synapse. (location of massive convergence, shaped like a ball). Mitral cells receive excitatory input from a glomerulus and modulate neighboring glomeruli, they also receive inhibitory input from granule cells, which modulates their output.
Name the three types of cones and include what wavelength and the perceived color
S=short, 420nm, blue
M=Medium, 530nm, green
L=long, 560nm, red
Explain how photoreceptors are hyperpolarized
Slide #13 on the visual lecture slides