Method
Vision
Hearing
Touch & Nociception
Taste & Smell
100
What is the first stage of perceptual experience that can be influenced by prior knowledge and expectations?
Processing
100
This part of the eye performs 70-80% of focusing
The Cornea (the lens accommodates the rest)
100
What unit is used to measure sound intensity level?
Decibels (dB SPL)
100
When endorphins bind to opiate receptors, what happens to Substance P release?
It is inhibited, resulting in less pain
100
These papillae do NOT contain taste buds.
Filiform papillae
200
The smallest amount of stimulus energy required for detection is known as the:
Absolute Threshold
200
This fluid-filled space can build pressure, eventually crushing the optic nerve:
The aqueous humor.
Bonus points: What is this disorder called?
200
Which sound localization cue works best for high-frequency sounds due to acoustic shadowing?
Interaural intensity (or level) differences (IID/ILD)
200
What are the two ways we discussed that 2nd pain can be modulated, one in which it increases and one in which it decreases instead?
Wind-up & DNIC
200
How is the olfactory pathway different from all other sensory pathways?
It bypasses the thalamus
300
The process of presenting stimuli in a random order, a random number of times is this psychophysical method:
Method of Constant Stimuli
The threshold is the stimulus that is detected 50% of the time
300
In this illusion, which can be explained by Lateral Inhibition, squares of the same color can appear different based on their surroundings
Simultaneous Contrast
300
Based on this audiogram, which type of hearing loss(conductive or sensorineural) is shown?
Sensorineural hearing loss
(X, O here represents different ears)
300
Which mechanoreceptors are rapidly adapting (RA)?
Meissner corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles
Bonus: Why Pacinian is RA?
300
This theory of taste perception proposes that flavor is encoded by patterns of activity across many neurons rather than a single “labeled line.”
Population coding
400
How can scientists reduce bias when measuring thresholds with Fechner’s original methods?
Forced Choice Procedure
400
This illusion uses the cue of linear perspective to trick the brain into thinking two identical shapes differ in size due to perspective cues
Ponzo illusion
400
This cochlear mechanism involves outer hair cells changing length to amplify basilar membrane vibrations.
The motile response
400
When choosing the softest bedsheet by moving a finger across the fabric, which cue is used to perceive texture, and which receptor is most involved?
Temporal cue; Pacinian corpuscles
400
The brain region that is most associated with enjoyment and wanting more for taste
OFC
500
This law states that as the intensity of a standard stimulus increases, the difference threshold (DL) also increases proportionally.
Weber’s Law.
The difference threshold describes the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected
500
This problem refers to the fact that a single retinal image could come from infinitely many real objects
Inverse Projection Problem
500
According to place coding theory, why does presbycusis primarily affect high-frequency sounds?
High frequency is coded near the base. Every single time a sound wave came in, it stimulated the base of the cochlea. The hair cells are being overused.
500
This illusion occurs when simultaneous activation of warm and cold receptors produces a painful burning sensation.
Thermal Grill Illusion
Looking at the graph, this mixed pattern of activation mimics what normally happens around ~45°C, a temperature that also activates heat-nociceptors. The brain interprets this combined signal the same way it interprets noxious heat.
500
How does Miracle Fruit change the way sour foods taste?
Lemon becomes sweet. It binds to sweet receptors and activates them when there is a low pH.