skin anatomy and physiology
Define a pressure injury
what is Localized injury to skin/tissue due to pressure or pressure w/ sheer
list risk that may reslut in hygiene problems
what is... side effects of medications or medical therapy, lack of knowledge, immobilization, inability to perform hygiene, physical conditions such as the skin, mouth, feet, nails, and hair
What is a primary objective when planning meals for healthy nutrition according to current dietary standards?
what is...
apply my plate program knowledge
The objectives for clinical nutrition include applying knowledge of the MyPlate program when planning meals for healthy nutrition. MyPlate is a visual guide designed to help individuals build a well-balanced diet by identifying the appropriate proportions of various food groups, which promotes normal bodily functions across the human life span.
list 2 of the sleep history questions
what is..
Description of sleeping problems, Usual sleep pattern, Physical and psychological illness, Current life events, Emotional and mental status, Bedtime routines, Bedtime environment, and Behaviors of sleep deprivation
Fill in the Blank: A calcium level below 9.0 mg/dL is known as _____1___, while a magnesium level above 2.1 mEq/L is known as _____2__.
What is..
1. hypocalcemia
2. hypermagnesemia
List the 4 complications to wound healing
what is.. Hemorrhage, Infection, Dehiscence, Evisceration
According to the nursing process, which of these is a physical condition that puts a patient at risk for hygiene problems?
A. Activity intolerance
B. Immobilization
C. Impaired health maintenance
D. Low self-esteem
what is...
Immobilization
Immobilization is specifically listed as a risk factor that can lead to hygiene problems or an inability to perform self-care.
What specific role do the salivary glands play in the initial stages of digestion?
what is... Amylase digests carbohydrates
The salivary glands contribute to the digestive process by moistening and lubricating food to facilitate swallowing. Crucially, they secrete amylase, an enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. This initial breakdown of complex sugars is a key first step in the mechanical and chemical processes that occur within the digestive system.
what is...
Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Narcolepsy, Sleep Deprivation, and Parasomnias
A patient’s lab results show a serum potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L.
What is ...
Hypokalemia
list 3 ways to prevent pressure injuries
what is..
1. topical skin care / incontinenece
2. positioning
3. support surfaces
Which step should a nurse take prior to a hygiene assessment to ensure they have the most up-to-date information?
A. Perform a complete bed bath
B. Review the patient's medical record for new information
C. Set priorities for the entire unit
D. Clean the patient's room equipment
what is...
reviewing the patients medical record for new information
Reviewing the medical record is a critical step in the nursing process to integrate new knowledge before assessing a patient's current status
What is the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system?
what is...
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism and storage of nutrients
Elimination
what are the stages of sleep in order
what is..
- nonrapid eye movement (NREM)
- stage 1 and 2: light sleep
- stage 3: deep sleep
- rapid eye movement (REM)
A patient is receiving an intravenous infusion of 0.45% Sodium Chloride. How does this hypotonic solution affect the patient's cells?
It moves water into the cells, causing them to expand or swell.
Hypotonic solutions like 0.45% Sodium Chloride have a lower osmolality than bodily fluids, causing water to move into cells
List 6 risk factors for pressure injury developmement?
what is... Impaired Sensory Perception, Impaired Mobility, Alteration in LOC, Shear, Friction, Moisture
List 4 of the 6 factors influencing hygiene.
what is..
social pratices, personal preference, body image, socioeconomic status, health benefits and motivation, and cultural variables
list all 6 of the biochemicals units of nutrition
what is..
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals
What medication classification may interfere with sleep?
What is..
Beta Blockers
They can cause a decrease in meltonin production and cause insomina or vivid dreams
Describe what diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and filtration are.
what is...
Diffusion: Passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down a concentration gradient.
Osmosis: Movement of water from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration.
Active Transport: Movement of ions against a concentration gradient that requires energy
Filtration: Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure.
List 10 places where a pressure injury can occur
what is.. occipital bone, scapula, spinous process, elbow, lliac crest, sacrum, ischium, achilles tendon, Hell, Sole, Ear, Shoulder, Anterior iliac spine, Trochanter, Thigh, medial knee, lateral knee, lower legs, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, lateral edge of foot, and posterior knee
While performing a skin assessment during a bed bath, the nurse identifies several conditions that place a patient at high risk for impaired skin integrity. Which finding is the most significant risk factor?
A. The patient has a preference for bathing in the evening
B. The patient is currently immobilized due to a complex leg fracture
C. The patient uses sensory aids such as eyeglasses
D. The patient has a lack of knowledge regarding proper foot care
what is... the patient is currenlty immobilized due to a complex leg fracture
Immobilization is a primary risk factor for pressure injuries and impaired skin integrity, as it prevents the patient from naturally relieving pressure on bony prominences.
What is Ferrous Gluconate and Cyanocobalamin, and what do they treat
what is...
FG: an iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency anemia
C: synthetic form of vitamin b12 used to treat deficiencies
list 5 of the 7 factors influencing sleep.
what is...
drugs and substances, lifestyle, usual sleep pattern, emotional stress, exercise and fatigue, and food and caloric intake
Select All That Apply: A client with diarrhea for three days and an inability to eat or drink is admitted. They also take diuretics for heart failure. Which nursing actions are indicated?
A) Administer the ordered diuretic.
B) Evaluate electrolyte levels.
C) Place the client on bed rest.
D) Assess for orthostatic hypotension.
E) Initiate cardiac monitoring.
what is..
B. Evaluate the electrolyte levels.
D. Assess for orthostatic hypotension.
E. Initiate cardiac monitoring.
(Note: Placing the client on bed rest and administering a diuretic are generally not indicated for severe dehydration and diarrhea.