HESI #1
What drug class does Bactrim belong to and what can it treat?
Sulfonamide
Bactrim = sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim or TMP-SMX or co-trimoxazole
Can help treat gram positive/negative or UTIs
Which drug works to treat BPH by shrinking the prostate?
Finasteride
Which medication should you NEVER give IV push?
Potassium!!
Bonus: which med can a patient be switched to if they are losing too much of that electrolyte and why?
Potassium - this is a loop diuretic which will cause potassium loss
Spironolactone = potassium-sparing diuretic
What will you plan on administering if your patient's digoxin level is 2.4?
Digibind - this is higher than normal range and indicates dig toxicity
Normal range: 0.5-2.0
Which drug do you need to draw peaks/troughs, can be ototoxic and nephrotoxic, can cause red man syndrome and should be infused over 60 minutes?
Vancomycin - used to treat MRSA & C.diff
A patient is taking tamsulosin for BPH. What is one concern associated with tamsulosin that could make your patient a fall risk?
Orthostatic hypotension
Don't take with other antihypertensives and ED meds due to the risk for further hypotension
Steven-Johnson's syndrome can be see with what type of medication?
Allopurinol
What is the best way to monitor your patient's fluid balance?
What two adverse effects can amiodarone result in?
Can be toxic to the lungs
Can cause an arrhythmia to develop
What patient education will you provide regarding rifampin?
Causes body fluid discoloration
Birth control is no longer effective
Can be toxic to the liver
This anticholinergic drug treats an overactive bladder, can help with urgency/frequency and decreases how often a patient needs to get up in the middle of the night to pee:
Bonus: which two patients should NOT be given this med
Oxybutynin
Since this is an anticholinergic and can dry up the eyes, don't give for glaucoma patients
Since this is an anticholinergic and can make it more difficult to pee, don't give to patients with BPH
You give your patient lorazepam and 30 minutes later their RR is 8. What is the specific antidote for this drug class?
Lorazepam is a benzo
Flumazenil = benzo antidote
Name THREE potential adverse effects of the drug class containing lisinopril?
Lisinopril = ACE inhibitor
Adverse effects = high potassium; dry, nonproductive cough; angioedema (this can be life-threatening)
To treat an acute ischemic stroke with a thrombolytic agent, what time frame does it need to be administered?
Within 3 hours of symptom onset
For antiretrovirals it's important to watch for bone marrow suppression, how can this be accomplished?
Obtaining a complete blood count
What type of drug is orlistat (Xenical)
What is the black box warning for antiepileptic drugs?
Bonus: Is is safe to discontinue these meds abruptly?
Suicidal thoughts and behavior
No, don't discontinue these drugs abruptly
Your patient is in heart failure. What two drug classes should you avoid giving them?
Calcium channel blockers & NSAIDs
What is the nurse's responsibility once starting a blood transfusion? What fluid can be safely hung with blood?
Nurse's responsibility: stay with patient for first 15 minutes and take vitals every 15 minutes for the first hour to monitor for a reaction
Blood should only hang with normal saline
Your patient is on fluconazole, which organ are you concerned about?
Liver - monitor for increased liver enzymes
What is the difference between HAART & PrEP?
HAART = active HIV infection
PrEP = before exposure
What is the overall goal when administering an osmotic diuretic?
To reduce intracranial pressure
Why would you give sublingual nitroglycerin? Explain the administration process:
Give for chest pain
Once chest pain starts - sit down
If it doesn't go away, place tablet under tongue & wait 5 minutes
Call 911 if still having chest pain, take second tablet & wait 5 minutes
If it still doesn't go away, take a third and final tablet and wait for EMS
At this point the patient is most likely having a heart attack
Explain what rhabdomyolysis is and what drug class can cause it?
Break down of muscles that gets excreted through urine
Patient may complain of muscle weakness and have dark urine
Seen with statins