Definitions
A collection of individuals who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics.
What is a population (or aggregate)?
This includes data collection, monitoring the population's health status, and making information available about the health of the community.
What is assessment?
This guaranteed assistance for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals.
What was the Elizabethan Poor Law?
The promotion of physical and mental health, and the prevention of disease, injury, and disability.
What is the mission of public health?
Progressively improved soldiers’ health outcomes using a population-based approach.
Who is Florence Nightingale?
Name at least 2 nursing approaches that would be important when working with vulnerable populations.
What are family-centered "one-stop" care, advocacy, social justice, culturally and linguistically appropriate health care?
A set of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that are widely held among a group of people and that are transmitted across generations.
What is culture?
Subsets of the population who share similar characteristics.
What are subpopulations?
This function ensures that essential community-oriented health services are available.
What is assurance?
Neighborhood centers in immigrant tenement camps for health care, education, and social welfare programs.
What are Settlement Houses, Henry Street Settlement House?
The focus is on disease prevention; health promotion and protection; and primary, secondary, and tertiary health care services.
What are the core functions of public health?
Partnered with Nightingale to establish district nursing throughout England.
Who is William Rathbone?
Poverty, human capital, disenfranchisement, decreased coping skills, mental illness.
What are risk factors in vulnerable populations?
Moral challenges facing our profession.
What is an ethical issue?
The priority is to maximize benefit and minimize harm and to consider what is the greatest good.
What is utilitarianism?
An important resource for public health data, public nurse advocacy, and healthier communities.
What is Healthy People 2030?
This called for the establishment of a state health department; sanitary surveys and collection of vital statistics; as well as many other changes.
What was the Shattuck Report?
Services designed to limit the progression of disease or disability.
What is Tertiary Prevention?
Founder of American community nursing. Established Henry Street Settlement.
Who is Lillian Wald?
The most common groups are mentally ill, veterans, and single moms w/children.
What is the typical homeless population?
Human dilemmas and puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action.
What are ethical dilemmas?
This refers to the concept that a person’s rights and dignity should never (or rarely) be sacrificed to the interests of society and that priority should be given to individual rights.
What is deontology?
Provides leadership in developing policies that support the health of the population, including the use of the scientific knowledge base in making decisions about policy.
What is policy development?
Provides the foundation for protection of human subjects in research.
What is the Nuremburg Code?
Primary care and public health services are designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost.
What is Primary Prevention?
She established the Frontier Nursing Service.
Who is Mary Breckinridge?
Name at least 3 increased health risks for vulnerable populations.
What are obesity, injuries/accidents, developmental considerations, HIV, TB, child maltreatment, acute illness, chronic health conditions.
A shared feeling of peoplehood among a group of individuals and relates to cultural factors such as nationality ,geographic region ,culture, ancestry, language, beliefs and tradition.
What is ethnicity?
This concept requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens in society based on the needs and contributions of its members.
What is distributive justice?
This should include economic and social conditions of the community.
What is the initial assessment?
Outlines the ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice in the protection of subjects who participate in research.
What is the Belmont report?
Services designed to detect and treat disease in the early acute stage.
What is Secondary Prevention?
She was the first United States school nurse.
Who is Lina Rogers?
Poor, homeless, pregnant adolescents, immigrants, severely mentally ill, substance abusers, victims of abuse
Who are vulnerable populations?
The tendency to ignore all differences among cultures, to act as though these differences do not exist, and as a result, to treat all people the same (when in truth, each person is an individual with unique needs).
What is cultural blindness?
Based on human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another.
What is respect for autonomy?
All levels of prevention are addressed in population, but there is one focus.
What is primary prevention?
Briefly describe what happened in the Stanford College Prison Experiment.
Volunteers were chosen after assessments of psychological stability and then randomly assigned to being prisoners or prison guards. Because the “guards” were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not usually act in their everyday lives or other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became submissive and depressed.
Describe the difference between community-based and community-oriented nursing.
Community based nursing care is described as the provision or assurance of personal illness care to individuals and families in the community.
Community oriented nursing is the provision of disease prevention and health promotion to populations and communities.
She was the first recipient of a scholarship sponsored by the National Health Circle for Colored People.
Who was Bessie Hawes?
Mortality rates are higher and chronic diseases are exacerbated by living on the streets. Explain.
They have greater difficulty accessing health care services. Health care is usually crisis-oriented and sought in emergency departments, and those who access health care have a hard time following prescribed regimens.
Name at least 3 steps of the ethical decision-making framework.
1. Identify the ethical issue.
2. Place it within a meaningful context.
3. Obtain all relevant facts.
4. Reformulate ethical issue if needed.
5. Consider appropriate approaches to actions or options.
6. Make decisions and take action.
7. Evaluate decisions and action.