Decades
This waterway was completed by the US in 1914; and under US control until 1999,
What is the Panama Canal?
These Northern Triangle Countries of Central America (NTCA) are _________, ________________ and ____________.
What are Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras?
These are the 3 main drivers for migration from NTCA countries to the US.
What are widespread violence and criminality; economic inequality and rural poverty;and desire to reunite with family in the US?
A number of US administrations propped up authoritarian, repressive regimes in Central America to offset this threat to the US.
What are left-wing anti-government forces that were supported by Moscow?
This freight train runs from Mexico's southern border to its northern border.
What is La Bestia (The Beast)?
This US agency supported a coup against the Guatemalan President in 1954.
What was the CIA?
The NTCA countries' locations are important because ____________________.
What is being located between the main cocaine producing countries and the US?
The main perpetrators of violent crime in NTCA countries.
What are criminal drug traffickers?
The Reagan administration was known for providing this type of support for right-wing regimes in Central America
What is funding and training military and government security forces?
A large group of migrants traveling on foot up Mexico towards the US border.
What is a caravan?
In the 1970's the US focused drug interdiction efforts on this area.
What were the Caribbean countries?
The length of the border between the US and Mexico.
What is 1954 miles?
In 2017 the murder rates per 100,000 persons were El Salvador = 62; Honduras = 42; and Guatemala = 26. The global average = 5.
In 2018 the US murder rate per 100,000 persons was ___________.
What is:
3 per 100,000
5 per 100,000
8 per 100,000
President G.W. Bush's Merida Initiative in 2007 to combat drug trafficking by Mexico and NTCA countries provided funds that were primarily spent for ___________________.
What are training and equipment for state security forces?
The percentage of recent NTCA immigrants who had a relative already living in the US.
What is:
62%
72%
82%
In the 1980's this country allowed deployment of US troops; assisted right-wing regimes in Guatemala and El Salvador; and hosted Contra paramilitary forces from Nicaragua.
What was Honduras?
The number of miles of the US/Mexico border that had a wall/fence when President Trump took office.
What is 650 miles?
Two possible actions within the US are suggested that might decrease funding to drug cartels.
What are funding drug use prevention programs and funding healthcare for drug users in the US?
The Obama Strategy for Engagement in Central America was channeled through this department and this agency.
What were the State Department and the Us Agency for International Development (USAID)?
Three job categories within the US that are known to use undocumented workers.
What are:
construction, agriculture, restaurants, child care and elder care. (Name any 3)
In the 1990's the US deported members of these two gangs from LA back to their countries of origin
What are MS-13 (Mara Salvatrucha) and Barrio 18?
The number of new miles of wall/fence that has been constructed during President Trump's administration.
What is 3 miles?
Poverty in NTCA countries ranges between ___________ and _________ percent of the population.
What is
16% - 35 %?
32% - 53%?
38% - 50%?
In May 2019 President Trump threatened Mexico with massive tariffs on exports if Mexico did not take 2 actions.
What are hold Central American migrants in Mexico while they applied for asylum in the US; and add 8,000 troops to the Mexican/Guatemalan border to stop migrants?
The author suggests that the US asylum system differentiate between these two categories of migrants.
What are "forced" and "voluntary" migrants?