Macronutrients
The building blocks of protein
What are Amino acids?
Vitamins A, D, E, K are classifed as ...
What are fat soluble vitamins?
The pathway where the greatest number of ATP are produced in cellular respiration.
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
The difference between hunger vs. appetite.
What is:
Hunger: physiological drive
Appetite: psychological drive
The initial supply source of muscle ATP.
What is phosphocreatine system.
Fructose, glucose, galactose
What are monosaccharides?
This group of vitamins serves as coenzymes in energy metabolism.
What are B-vitamins?
Small compounds come together to build larger compounds.
What is anabolism?
The energy used to digest, absorb, transport, store and metabolize foods.
What is the Thermic Effect of Food?
The major fuel source for short term high intensity and medium term exercise.
What are carbohydrates?
The principle transport vehicle for triglycerides from the small intestine.
What are chylomicrons?
This type of cooking method results in the best retention of nutrients
What is steaming or microwaving?
In oxidation reduction reactions, the reaction that loses electrons.
What is oxidation?
Three factors that increase basal metabolism.
What are:
•Greater muscle mass
•Larger body surface
•Male gender
•Body temperature
•Higher than normal secretions of thyroid hormones
•Nervous system activity
•Growth stages
•Caffeine and tobacco use
•Recent exercise
PCr (phosphocreatine) is made from.
ATP and creatine
The macronutrient that is needed in the largest quantity and serves as a solvent and lubricant and medium for transporting nutrients to cells.
What is water?
Name one compound that can bind to minerals and interfere with nutrient absorption.
What is oxalic acid or phytic acid?
The main products in glycolysis?
What are Pyruvate and ATP
Three factors that BMI does not take into account.
Gender, Age, Ethnicity, Body fat %
Describe both hypertrophy and atrophy.
•Hypertrophy: Enlargement of muscles being made to work repeatedly
•Atrophy: Loss of muscle size and strength due to inactivity
Explain positive nitrogen balance AND give an example of when someone may be in positive nitrogen balance.
If protein intake is greater than losses, individual is in positive protein (nitrogen) balance
Examples: growth, pregnancy, recovery stage after fitness/injury, athletic training, increased secretion of certain hormones
FAD is the oxidized form of a coenzyme made from this B-vitamin.
What is riboflavin?
The carbons from ketogenic amino acids are used to form this compound.
What is acetyl-C o A?
The number of acetyl co-A molecules formed from a 20 carbon fatty acid.
What is 10?
Fuel source for long term low intensity exercise. ?
What is fat?