Nuclear Chemistry

Fission

100

What temperature is required for fission?

Ordinary to high temperatures

200

Is fission endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic

300

Least penetrating form of radiation?

Alpha Particles

400

What type of reaction does fission lead to?

Chain Reaction

500

When can mass be converted to energy?

During a nuclear reaction

Fusion

100

What temperature is required for fusion?

High temperature

200

Is fusion endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic

300

What are 2 types of fusion reactions?

those that preserve the number of protons and neutrons

those that involve a conversion between protons and neutrons

400

Productive uses for nuclear chemistry?

Medicine, Energy, Food, Irridation

500

How does fusion impact our lives?

Fusion is among the most environmentally friendly sources of energy.

Radiation

100

What types of Radiation are emitted by the nuclei of radioactive elements?

Alpha particles, Beta Perticles, Gamma Rays, and Neutrons

200

What is accompanied by the emission of an X-Ray?

Electron capture

300

What  is half-life?

the amount of time it takes for one-half of the radioactive isotope to decay.

400

What is the 7-10 Rule?

For every sevenfold increase in time after detonation, there is a tenfold decrease in the radiation rate.

500

Which of the following nuclei is most likely to decay by positron emission?

1. chromium-53

2. manganese-51

3. iron-59

Manganese-51

Nuclear Equations

100

Which of the various particles (α particles, β particles, and so on) that may be produced in a nuclear reaction are actually nuclei?

α Particles

200

What particle completes this reaction?

_₆^¹⁴C-->^¹⁴₇N + ? 

Beta Particle

300

Write a balanced equation for the production of ¹⁷O from ¹⁴N by α particle bombardment

¹⁴₇14 + ⁴₂H --> ¹⁷₈O + ¹₁H

400

Write a balanced equation for the production of ¹⁴C from ¹⁴N by neutron bombardment

¹⁴₇N + ¹₀n _--> ¹⁴₆C + ¹₁H

500

Write a balanced equation for the production of ²³³Th from ²³²Th by neutron bombardment

²³²_90Th +¹₀n --> ²³³₉₀Th

Transmutation

100

What is Transmutation?

a process that involves a change in the nucleus of an atom.

200

What types of radiaton cause transmutation?

Alpha, Beta, Gamma

300

Where does natural transmutation occur?

Unstable radioactive elements

400

What is artificial transmutation?

Converting an element into another element by bombarding it with a fundamental particle

500

What elements are produced through transmutation?

Helium, Oxygen, and Carbon