Intro & Basics
These structures, found in cell nuclei, contain the genetic information needed for growth and reproduction.
What are chromosomes?
These two bases, adenine and guanine, belong to this class of bases.
What are purines?
The name for the compound formed when a sugar and a base are combined.
What is a nucleoside?
In a polynucleotide chain, the phosphodiester linkage connects the 3' carbon of one monomer to this carbon of the next.
What is the 5' carbon?
This type of RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
What is mRNA (messenger RNA)?
This nucleic acid contains hereditary information and directs its own reproduction as well as RNA synthesis.
What is DNA?
The pyrimidine base found ONLY in RNA, not in DNA.
What is uracil (U)?
The type of bond linking purine bases to C-1 of the sugar, through N-9.
What is a beta-N-glycosidic bond?
The primary structure of a nucleic acid is determined by this.
What is the sequence of its bases (nucleotide sequence)?
This RNA type translates the genetic code of mRNA into the primary sequence of amino acids.
What is tRNA (transfer RNA)?
RNA carries out the critical task of protein synthesis in these structures, located in the cytosol.
What are ribosomes?
The pyrimidine base found ONLY in DNA, not in RNA.
What is thymine (T)?
The nucleoside formed from adenine and ribose.
What is adenosine?
By convention, the sequence of a polynucleotide chain is written with this end on the left.
What is the 5' end?
The characteristic secondary structure shape of tRNA.
What is a cloverleaf shape?
The three simpler units that make up a nucleotide.
What are a base, a monosaccharide (sugar), and a phosphate?
The sugar component of RNA, which contains a hydroxyl group at the 2' position.
What is beta-D-Ribose?
This nucleotide is formed when adenosine combines with one phosphate group.
What is AMP (adenosine 5'-monophosphate)?
In the higher structure of DNA, the DNA double helix is coiled around these basic proteins to form nucleosomes.
What are histones?
These RNA molecules with enzymatic functions can catalyze the splicing of mRNA precursors.
What are ribozymes (catalytic RNA)?
Nucleic acids are this type of molecule, long chains of repeating monomer units.
What are polymers?
The sugar in DNA, which is missing an oxygen at this specific carbon position.
What is beta-2'-Deoxyribose (missing oxygen at the 2' position)?
The DNA nucleotide whose base is thymine — give the full name and abbreviation.
What is Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (dTMP)?
In a nucleosome, this many histone molecules form the protein core, around which a 147-base-pair DNA helix is wound.
What is eight (8)?
Ribosomal RNA makes up this percentage of a ribosome by composition.
What is 65%?