Sensors
A device which detects or measures stimuli from the internal and external environments of the robot.
Sensor
The _______ an object will travel (or a robot will roll) can be calculated by multiplying the rate of speed by the time traveled.
Distance
Similar to a chapter in a textbook, each section, or _______, of this course will cover a few important concepts from the fields of robotics and computer programming. _______ should be completed in numerical order.
Course Module
The unit of measurement for luminosity.
Lux
To _______ means to cause a discrete increase in a numerical value. In computer programming, we often _______ variables by adding 1 to the current value, such as x = x + 1 or x++
Increment
A _______ is an organizational structure in which items are categorized above, below, or at the same level as other items. For example, a bulleted list where there are sub-items which relate to the item above.
Hierarchy
Similar to grammar, _______ is a collection of rules to provide structure to a computer programming language.
Syntax
A programming construct that allows a certain portion of code to execute repeatedly.
Loop
In computer programming, a ______ is a numerical value not wrapped in quotes which is either a whole number integer (e.g. 25) or a float containing decimals (e.g. 6.43).
Number
The branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. The goal of _______ is to design intelligent machines that can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe
Robotics
In computer programming, a _______ is a data type that has one of two possible values, either true or false.
Boolean
A _______ is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions of north, east, south, west.
Compass
Playing a sequence of images that are similar to each other in rapid succession to create an illusion of movement.
Animation
_______ is a way to create a computer program without having to know the syntax of a programming language. It is generally simplified and is used as a way for beginners to learn how to code.
Block Coding
A _______ in a computer program is simply an unintended result, and it may cause an error.
Bug
In mathematics, the _______ is the amount "left over" after performing a division operation.
Remainder
In computer programming, ______ means to organize code into a hierarchy where one section of code goes inside another.
Nesting
Notes you can write in your computer program that make it easier to understand the code and the functionality of the program. These _______ are ignored by the computer and therefore do not affect the functionality. They are only intended for you and other programmers to read.
Comments
A loop that executes repeatedly a specified number of times.
For Loop
A _______ holds information to be used during execution of a computer program. The value of the _______ can change in response to certain conditions or events that occur. The most common types of information held by _______ are strings, numbers, and booleans.
Variable
______ plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, dimensional stability, optical clarity, high heat resistance and excellent electrical resistance.
Polycarbonate
A programming construct which performs different actions depending on whether a specific condition is true or false. If/Then and If/Then/Else are the most common examples of statements which use _______.
Conditional Logic
The angle that the robot will roll in relation to its tail light.
Heading
The 8x8 pixel group of lights found at the top of your robot that can change colors, display scrolling text, and play animations.
LED Matrix
The area where you will be creating programs for your robot, either by drawing, block coding, or writing Javascript.
Programming Canvas
The process of identifying and removing errors and other unexpected results from a computer program.
Debugging
The _______ is the quantity produced by the division of two numbers.
Quotient
_______ means to have no predictable pattern. In computer programming, _______ can be used to generate numbers or data in an unpredictable way. It is commonly used when designing games to make them more fun!
Randomness
_______ is a naming convention in which each word within the name of a function or variable is capitalized, except for the very first word. The capital letters in the middle of the word are said to look like the humps on a camel’s back.
camelCase
A loop that executes repeatedly until a certain condition is met.
While Loop
A _______ is an input for a function in a computer program. The outcome of the function will vary based on the values input for the ________.
Parameter
The physical components that make up a technological device, such as a computer, robot, smartphone, and any accessories used along with these devices.
Hardware
_______ allow a program to evaluate multiple conditions in a conditional expression such as if/then or if/then/else. The three _______ are AND &&, OR ||, and NOT !.
Logical Operators
A device used to measure the robot’s orientation and allow it to spin on its axis.
Gyroscope
A type of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is undetectable to the human eye. It is commonly used in communication devices such as remote controls and robots.
Infrared
The simplest way to create a computer program to operate the robot. Unlike the drive function, the robot's movements are automated and don't require a human operator.
Draw Function
D-R-Y is a programming principle that reminds coders not to repeat the same code in different places.
"Don't Repeat Yourself"
In computer programming, _______ will divide two numbers and return the remainder of the division operation.
Modulus
In computer programming, _______ is a concept where programs are composed of many small parts, or modules, that work together to form a complete system. Modular programs are easier for programmers to build and maintain because they contain less code and the code is more organized.
Modularity
Step-by-step explanation of how you intend your code to work, similar to writing an outline before an essay.
Pseudocode
When a computer runs a program, it is said to "______" the code.
Execute
The value that is passed into a parameter when a function is called.
Argument
The programs and applications that provide the useful functionality for the robot, computer, or other hardware device.
Software
An _______ is a mathematical function that takes two values and performs a calculation on them, such as +, -, *, and /.
Arithmetic Operator
The determination of the relative position of the robot to its surroundings.
Orientation
The speed at which an animation changes between images, measured in frames per second (fps).
Frame Rate
A way of manually operating the robot which requires a human operator to control it.
Drive Function
________ is the process of restructuring existing computer code to make it simpler and improve its performance without changing the behavior of the program.
Refactoring
A number used in a computer program that has a fractional value or decimal (e.g. 5.92).
Float
The order in which code executes, which can be modified by using things like loops and conditional logic.
Control Flow
A reserved word in a coding language that cannot be used for naming objects like functions or variables. Some examples in Javascript include if, then, else, for, while, and function.
Keyword
______ means that multiple pieces of code can run simultaneously within your program.
Asynchronous Execution
In computer programming, a _______ is a sequence of alphanumeric characters that is wrapped in quotation marks. It can be a word or phrase, numbers, special characters, or any combination of these things.
String
Using a computer program execute a task in an automatic, repeatable, and accurate way.
Automated
_______ are used to compare two values and will return either true or false. Common examples include <, >, and ==.
Comparison Operators
An instrument for measuring acceleration, or changes in the rate of speed.
Accelerometer
The speed a robot moves in a given direction.
Velocity
A computer programming language widely used for software applications and interactive effects within web browsers. It’s also the language that powers your robot!
Javascript
An _______ is a problem, outcome, or situation that does not always exist, but still needs to be accounted for when writing your code. The more _______ your program can account for, the better it will be.
Edge Cases
A whole number used in a computer program that does not have any decimals or fractions (e.g. 8).
Integer
The scope determines where a variable can be used in a program. If it’s global the variable can be used anywhere, and if it is local, it can only be used inside of the function where it is defined.
Variable Scope
_______ is like a dictionary for a programming language, and all popular programming languages will have their own _______ published online so it’s easy to access. Programmers frequently use _______ to help them look up the correct syntax when writing code. The Sphero EDU app includes a Javascript Wiki which has all of the syntax needed to program our robots.
Documentation
A named section of code in a program that performs a specific task and allows for easy reusability of code.
Function
To _______ means to join two or more strings together into a single, longer string. In block coding we can use the “build string” block, which can also convert numbers and booleans into strings, to accomplish this.
Concatenate
A hardware element of a larger machine, such as a computer or robot.
Components
An _______ is the single equals sign = and it is used to set or reset the value stored in a variable.
Assignment Operator