Changes in Europe
Turning Points
Imperialism
Russian Revolution
Vocab Words
100
This French king’s weak leadership, financial mismanagement, and execution symbolized the collapse of the Old (Ancient) Regime during the French Revolution.
King Louis XVI (16th)
100
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a 19th century nationalist leader which helped the unification of which European country? (Focused on promoting Nationalism)
Italy
(Italian Unification)
100
Between 1839 and 1842, Britain and the Qing Dynasty of China fought a series of battles called the Opium Wars over the illegal smuggling of the addictive substance by British merchants.
Identify at least 3 effects of the Opium Wars
British were given the island of Hong Kong
Europeans given extraterritoriality
Opium becomes legal
Open trade
China divided into spheres of influence
100
This Russian ruler’s weak leadership, refusal to reform, and failures during World War I helped lead to the Russian Revolution
Czar Nicholas II
100
Karl Marx divided society into these two main social classes—the wealthy owners and the working class—which formed the basis for his ideas about communism.
bourgeoisie and proletariat
200
Name of the French constitution written in 1789 by the National Assembly. Focuses on protecting French male citizens' natural rights and the social contract between the French people and their government.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
200
This 19th century Latin American revolutionary was inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution and fought to gain independence for several Latin American countries in South America such as Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador during the 1800's.
Simon Bolivar
200
This profitable Asian colony, which produced an abundance of natural resources such as cotton, tea, and spices, was controlled by the British during the 19th and 20th century.
*It was often referred to as the Crown Jewel of the British Empire
India
200
During the Russian Revolution, Vladimir Lenin gained support by promising the people these three things: an end to war, redistribution of land, and food for all.
Peace, Land, and Bread
200
Karl Marx was inspired by witnessing the poor working and living conditions during this period which started in Britain during the 18th century. This experience led him to develop the ideas behind communism.
Industrial revolution
300
This violent period of the French Revolution saw mass executions of suspected enemies of the state. Over 40,000 people, including King Louis 16th, were killed between 1793 and 1794.
Reign of Terror
300
This revolution in the French colony of Saint-Domingue reshaped global ideas about slavery, freedom, and colonialism.
Haitian Revolution
300
According to Karl Marx, this economic system would replace capitalism by ending private ownership of the means of production and having workers control the government collectively.
Communism
300
After the Russian Civil War, Vladimir Lenin introduced this policy to rebuild the economy, allowing some private business while promising workers more rights and protections.
NEP (New Economic Policy)
300
Although it was proposed by President Woodrow Wilson, this international organization was weakened because the United States chose not to join it.
The League of Nations
400
What were the 3 pre-revolutionary social classes in France called? Who belonged to each group?
1st = Clergy/Church
2nd = Nobility
3rd= Commoners (Everyone else)
400
This period in Britain during the 1700's of new farming techniques, crop rotation, and enclosure increased food production and helped fuel population growth and industrialization in Britain.
Agricultural Revolution/ Agrarian Revolution
400
What was the "White Man's Burden"?
Belief that it was the white race’s responsibility to civilize/educate the non-white nations.
400
This radical socialist group, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government during the October Revolution in Russia.
The Bolsheviks
400
After being rejected in the Estates General meeting in 1789 the 3rd Estate created their own representative group called The
National Assembly
500
Identify 3 historical circumstances (reasons) that led to the French Revolution
- Weak and indecisive monarch in King Louis XVI (16th)
- Massive debt, i.e supporting American Revolution, luxury spending by the rich and powerful in France (i.e Palace of Versailles)
- Rigid social hierarchy (3 social classes), no social mobility (ability to go to higher social class)
- Unequal taxation (3rd Estate paid a majority of the taxes)
- Short supply of key foods such as bread, wheat, flour, etc
- lack of natural rights for the 3rd estate
500
Causes of WW1: What does each letter in the acronym MANIA stand for
M- Militarism
A- Alliances
I- Imperialism
N- Nationalism
A- Assassination
500
Identify 2 motives for imperialism during the 18th and 19th centuries (1700's-1800's)
Industrial Revolution and the Birth of Capitalism
Nationalism
Racial Superiority (White Man’s Burden)
Christianity
5. New Inventions
500
Identify 3 historical circumstances (causes) that led to the Russian Revolution of 1917
Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II
military defeats in World War I
food shortages (Famine)
social inequality
Delayed Industrialization
Rise of the radical communist (Bolshevik)
500
This 18th century female Enlightenment thinker wrote a pivotal Enlightenment book called “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”. In the book she promotes granting increased rights and education for women.
Mary Wollstonecraft