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A nurse is planning education for a patient who is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure to rule out a cerebral aneurysm. Which aspect of nursing does the nurse use as the basis for education?
The science of nursing
A nursing student questions the primary nurse about instilling air into a nasogastric tube to confirm placement, when they learned that x-ray validation of the tube’s tip in the stomach reflects best practice. The student is validating safe nursing practice with which type of knowledge?
Scientific knowledge is obtained through the scientific method or research; this leads to evidence-based practice. Instinct, such as. “I feel this is correct,” is not a source of knowledge. Traditional knowledge is the part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation, often without research data to support it. Examples include daily bathing and changing bed linens each day. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person’s perceived expertise.
A nurse working in an ambulatory care center provides care for patients experiencing varying levels of health and illness. The nurse bases care on which concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
A. Health and illness are the same for all people.
B. Health and illness are individually defined by each person.
C. People with acute illnesses may consider themselves healthy.
D. People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs.
E. Health is more than the absence of illness.
F. Illness is the response of a person to a disease.
b, c, e, f. Each person defines health and illness individually, based on a number of factors. Health is more than just the absence of illness; it is an active process in which a person moves toward their maximum potential. An illness is the response of the person to a disease.
Nurses in a long-term care facility use Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs to plan care for their patients. What is the expected outcome when using this hierarchy?
A) Accurate nursing diagnoses
B) Clear priorities of care
C) Concerns communicated concisely
D) Integration of science into nursing care
B) Maslow’s hierarchy of basic human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.
A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which nursing interventions could the nurse use to meet this goal? Select all that apply.
A. Counseling adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
B. Performing range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
C. Demonstrating insulin injection to a patient with diabetes
D. Recommending a yoga class for a busy executive
E. Providing hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer
F. Teaching a nutrition class at a local high school
a, b, c. Activities to restore health focus on the person with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients how to administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients. Recommending a yoga class for stress reduction helps prevent illness, and teaching a nutrition class helps promote health. A hospice nurse facilitates coping with disability and death.
A group of students in a community health course is discussing disaster management. Which nursing leader will the students identify as the founder of the Red Cross?
Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882.
After their clinical experience, nursing students are given a reflective assignment to discuss the concepts in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice. What part of this theory is most important when delivering thoughtful care?
A) Environment
B) Health
C) Nursing
D)Person
D) Of the four concepts, the most important is the person. The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory, is the PERSON
A community health nurse is developing a support group for patients coping with chronic health problems. What chronic health conditions does the nurse anticipate group members might want to discuss? Select all that apply.
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Ulcerative colitis
E. Fractured hip
F. Otitis media
a, c, d. Diabetes, arthritis, and ulcerative colitis are chronic diseases causing permanent, irreversible alterations in normal anatomy and/or physiology. They require a lengthy period of care, support, and patient education. Pneumonia, fractures, and otitis media are acute illnesses, characterized by a rapid onset and typically short duration.
A nurse provides care for postoperative patients using meticulous hand hygiene and aseptic technique. Which of Maslow’s basic human needs is the nurse addressing?
A) Physiologic
B) Safety and security
C) Self-esteem
D) Love and belonging
B)
By using meticulous hand hygiene and aseptic technique, nurses prevent infection, which falls under safety. An example of a physiologic need is clearing a patient’s airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient’s family to arrange a visit.
A group of nurses in the postanesthesia care unit propose a study to determine which of two antiemetic medications from the same classification best relieve postoperative nausea. Before implementing the study, whose approval will the nurses need?
A. Organization’s surgical director
B. Pharmacy director and staff
C. Institutional review board
D. Director of nursing
c. Federal regulations require that institutions receiving federal funding or conducting studies of drugs or medical devices regulated by the Food and Drug Administration establish institutional review boards (IRBs). The IRBs reviews studies conducted in the institution to determine the risk status of the studies and to ensure that ethical principles are followed. While organizations may have internal procedures for conducting research, such as including surgeons, the director of nursing, the pharmacy director, and staff, these are not government mandates. The type of study, such as randomized-controlled study, will be determined by the nurse in collaboration with the prescriber and approval of the IRB.
A nurse is engaged in community health promotion activities. What activity best reflects this type of health promotion?
A. Teaching about fall prevention and home safety at a senior center
B. Holding a blood glucose screening for diabetes at a local church
C. Educating hospice volunteers on therapeutic communication
D. Providing education on crutch walking to a child with a fractured tibia
a. Nurses promote health and prevent illness primarily by teaching, through personal example and administering preventative vaccinations. Performing blood glucose screening for diabetes detects a disease after it has developed, rather than diabetes prevention. Therapeutic communication during hospice care and crutch walking are additional interventions used for diseases or health problems already present.
A nurse conducting quantitative research hypothesizes that adolescents with anorexia nervosa who participate in outpatient therapy report less depression than those receiving inpatient treatment. What information does the nurse collect to support the hypothesis?
A) Subjects’ demographics
B) Variables
C) Data
D) Instruments
C) DATA, refer to information that the researcher collects from subjects in the study, generally expressed in words, numbers, graphs, and charts. A variable is something (such as conditions, equipment, interventions) that varies and has different values (outcomes) that can be measured. Instruments are devices used to collect and record the data, such as rating scales, pencil-and-paper tests, and biologic measurements.
Nurses from hospital in a low-income area of the city are developing educational materials and programs focused on health care for vulnerable populations. When planning community outreach, which members of the community will the nurses include? Select all that apply.
A. White male diagnosed with HIV
B. Black teenager who is 6 months pregnant
C. Hispanic male who has type 2 diabetes
D. Low-income family living in rural America
E. Middle-class teacher living in a large city
b, c, d, f. National trends in the prevention of health disparities are focused on vulnerable populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, residents of rural areas and lower-income areas of cities, and people with disabilities and special health care needs.
A nurse performs an assessment of a family consisting of a single parent, a grandparent, and two children. What interview questions will the nurse direct toward the mother to best determine the family’s affective and coping functions? Select all that apply.
AWho is the person you depend on for emotional support?
Who is the person you depend on for financial support in your family?
Do you plan on having any more children?
Who keeps your family together in times of stress?
A & D)
The five major areas of family function are physical, economic, reproductive, affective and coping, and socialization. Affective areas of function include feelings and coping, assessed by determining who provides emotional support in times of stress. Assessing the financially responsible individual focuses on the economic function. Inquiring about having more children assesses the reproductive function, asking about family traditions assesses the socialization function, and checking the environment assesses the physical function.
A public health nurse is planning interventions for a community and plans to determine the frequency of diseases in the area. What information will best guide the nurse?
A. Morbidity table
B. Disease eradication statistics
C. Mortality rates
D. Annual hospital admissions
a. Morbidity refers to how frequently a disease occurs; mortality is the number of deaths resulting from a disease. These statistics may be placed in tables as a reference for others.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
A. Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
B. Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
C. Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
D. Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
a. During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more independent and assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses and resulted in a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology.
A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine which of two types of silicone foam sacral dressings best prevent pressure injuries in bedridden patients. What type of research is the nurse conducting?
A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Experimental
C) Quasi-experimental
research is often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes. Descriptive research is often used to generate new knowledge about topics with little or no prior research. Correlational research examines the type and degree of relationships between two or more variables. Experimental research examines cause-and-effect relationships between variables under highly controlled conditions.
A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local health clinic. In which level of health promotion and illness prevention is the nurse participating?
A. Tertiary
B. Secondary
C. Primary
D. Promotive
c. Giving influenza injections is an example of primary health promotion and illness prevention. Secondary prevention includes early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment. Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing disability and providing rehabilitation to a maximum level of functioning.
A nurse working in a new community performs an assessment to determine the health of the community. What finding indicates a healthy community?
A) Meets all the needs of its inhabitants
B) Mixes residential and industrial areas
C) Offers access to health care services
D) Consists of modern housing and condominiums
C)
A healthy community offers access to health care services to treat illness and to promote health. A healthy community cannot usually meet all the needs of its residents, but should be able to help with health issues such as nutrition, education, recreation, safety, and zoning regulations to separate residential sections from industrial areas. The age of housing is irrelevant as long as residences are maintained according to code.
After receiving a change-of-shift report, the nurse on a medical-surgical unit sets initial priorities for care. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which patient requires immediate assessment?
A. Patient requesting help to phone family to ask them to visit
B. Patient who needs education on changing their wound dressing prior to discharge
C. Patient who calls for assistance because they are breathing fast and feel faint
D. Patient who needs assistance to walk to the bathroom to void
c. The nurse prioritizes the patient with rapid breathing who feels faint, who may need oxygen or additional assistance with physiologic needs. Family visits help meet love and belonging needs, while assisting the patient to prevent falls and proper dressing change technique meets safety and security needs.
According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021), “Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connection of all humanity. Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles? Select all that apply.
A. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
B. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
C. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
D. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
E. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
F. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
a, c, d, e, f. Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications, preventing influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse. Making a medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
A nurse is conducting qualitative research to study the culture of Native Alaskans and how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of research is the nurse using?
A) Historical
B) Ethnography
C) Grounded theory
D) Phenomenology
B) Ethnographic research,
was developed by the discipline of anthropology and is used to examine issues of culture of interest to nurses. Historical research examines events of the past to increase understanding of the nursing profession today. The basis of grounded theory methodology is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. The purpose of phenomenology (both a philosophy and a research method) is to describe experiences as they are lived by the subjects being studied.
A community health nurse cares for vulnerable populations. What problem will the nurse prioritize for a patient who is homeless?
A. Love and belonging
B. Safety
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-actualization
b. Safety is the most appropriate focus as adults and children experiencing homelessness do not have a regular and appropriate place to sleep; they may be sheltered or unsheltered. After meeting safety needs, the nurse can focus on love and belonging, self-esteem, or self-actualization.
A nurse is practicing community-based nursing in a mobile health clinic. Which example best demonstrates community-based nursing?
A) Caring for a mother and her child who have diabetes
B) Providing shelter for vulnerable populations within the community
C) Providing local same-day surgery facilities
D) Assisting families in crisis and overseeing the crisis hotline
A)
Community health nursing focuses on whole populations within a community, and community-based nursing is centered on the health care needs of individuals and families. Nurses practicing community-based nursing provide interventions to manage acute or chronic health problems, promote health, and facilitate self-care.
A patient weighs 154lbs and is prescribed a heparin infusion at 18 units/kg/hour. The IV solution contains 25,000 units in 250 mL.
What is the infusion rate in mL/hour?
12.6 mL/hr