Communicable Diseases
This is the most common method by which adolescents and adults contract EBV.
What is direct contact with infected saliva (kissing)?
Rationale: EBV is sometimes called the “kissing disease” because saliva transmission is the primary route.
The first three doses of PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) are administered at these ages
What are 2, 4, and 6 months?
Rationale: Early immunization builds protection during infancy when children are most vulnerable to severe pneumococcal infections.
This communication framework used in health care stands for Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, and Thank You.
What is AIDET?
Rationale: AIDET is a structured communication strategy that improves patient satisfaction, understanding, and trust.
This concept refers to age-specific skills and behaviors children typically achieve as they grow and develop.
What are developmental milestones?
Rationale: Developmental milestones help nurses assess whether a child’s social, emotional, and communication development is progressing as expected.
This type of transmission accounts for almost all HIV infections in infants.
What is vertical transmission?
Rationale: Vertical transmission occurs when HIV passes from parent to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding and is the primary source of infant infections.
The classic facial manifestation of fifth disease, often seen in school-age children.
What is a “slapped-cheek” rash?
Rationale: The slapped-cheek appearance on the face is a hallmark sign of fifth disease and helps differentiate it from other childhood rashes.
This is the recommended action when a 2-month-old infant has a fever of 39°C (102.2°F) and is due for IPV (iinactivated poliovirus vaccine).
What is delay the administration of the poliovirus vaccine?
Rationale: Active, acute febrile illness is a contraindication for vaccination to avoid worsening illness
This feeding tube is inserted through the nose into the stomach for temporary feeding or medication administration.
What is a nasogastric tube (NG tube)?
Rationale: An NG tube is commonly used for short-term enteral feeding or medication delivery.
This type of activity, such as examining a stuffed animal first, helps decrease anxiety and encourages cooperation during pediatric assessments.
What is incorporating play into communication and assessment?
Rationale: Play-based communication allows children to become familiar with medical equipment and procedures, reducing fear.
This inherited disorder of exocrine glands is characterized by thick, sticky secretions affecting multiple body systems.This inherited disorder of exocrine glands is characterized by thick, sticky secretions affecting multiple body systems.
What is cystic fibrosis?
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting exocrine glands, producing thick mucus that impacts the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems.
The primary mode of transmission for HFMD in daycare or school settings.
What is the oral-fecal route or direct contact with contaminated surfaces?
Rationale: HFMD spreads through fecal-oral contact, saliva, or contact with vesicular fluid from an infected person.
For children over 12 months with sufficient muscle mass, this muscle may be used for hepatitis vaccine IM administration instead of the vastus lateralis.
What is the deltoid muscle?
Rationale: The deltoid is suitable for older children because it has adequate muscle mass for safe IM injections, reducing discomfort compared to smaller muscles.
This common pediatric procedure involving needle insertion often causes fear and anxiety in hospitalized children.
What is intravenous (IV) therapy or needle sticks?
Rationale: IV lines, blood draws, and injections are major stressors for pediatric patients.
This communication technique involves the nurse standing at the same physical level as the child during an assessment.
What is standing at eye level with the child?
Rationale: Standing at eye level helps the child feel safe, respected, and more comfortable communicating with the nurse.
This chromosomal condition is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 18 and is the second most common trisomy after Down syndrome.
What is Trisomy 18?
Rationale: Trisomy 18 occurs when a fetus has three copies of chromosome 18, leading to severe developmental abnormalities.
The areas of the body most commonly affected by scabies in children.
What are wrists, genitals, and interdigital spaces?
Rationale: These areas are predilection sites for mite burrowing and associated itching.
When a parent asks about the varicella vaccine, the nurse should explain that this is its primary benefit.
What is protection against chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus)?
Rationale: The vaccine prevents infection, complications, and community outbreaks. Education addresses parental concerns and encourages immunization.
This opening created surgically on the abdomen allows waste to leave the body into a collection bag.
What is a stoma?
Rationale: A stoma is an artificial opening that allows waste to exit the body when normal elimination is not possible.
For infants during an assessment, this positioning technique helps reduce anxiety and promote comfort.
What is allowing the infant to sit in the parent’s lap?
Rationale: Being held by a parent provides security and reduces stress during the examination.
This physical abnormality refers to extra fingers or toes, often seen in infants with Trisomy 13.
What is Polydactyly?
Rationale: Polydactyly (extra digits) is a common skeletal abnormality in Trisomy 13.
These are the oval-shaped eggs of lice, tightly attached to hair shafts and often mistaken for dandruff.
What are nits?
Rationale: Nits are challenging to remove and require fine-toothed combing along with medicated shampoos for eradication.
For an 8-year-old who needs immunization against whooping cough, this vaccine is indicated.
What is Tdap?
Rationale: DTaP is for children under 7. Tdap is given to children 7 and older as a booster to maintain immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
This type of anxiety occurs when infants or young children become distressed when separated from their parents or caregivers.
What is Separation anxiety?
Rationale: Separation anxiety is common in infants and toddlers and can worsen during hospitalization.
This age group benefits from praise, simple explanations, and the ability to handle medical equipment before procedures.
What are children aged 3 to 7 years?
Rationale: Preschool and early school-age children respond well to positive reinforcement and hands-on learning.
This abdominal wall defect may occur in Trisomy 18 where organs protrude through the abdominal wall.
What is Omphalocele?
Rationale: An omphalocele is a congenital defect where abdominal organs protrude into a sac outside the abdomen.