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Critical Care
Shock
DIC
PIH
Misc
100
The use of these teams in the hospital setting brings immediate care to unstable patients in noncritical care units and has contributed to decreased mortality rates.
What are Rapid Response Teams (RRTs)?
100
4 main categories of shock
What is cardiogenic, hypovolemic, distributive, & obstructive?
100
List 2 clinical manifestations of DIC.
What are Bleeding= pallor, petechiae, purpura, oozing blood, hematomas, occult hemorrhage, tachypnea, hemoptysis, orthopnea, tachycardia, hypotension, GI bleeding, abdominal distention, bloody stools, hematuria, neurologic changes, bone & joint pain. Thrombotic= cyanosis, ischemic tissue necrosis, hemorrhagic necrosis, tachypnea, dyspnea, PE, ARDS, EKG changes, venous distention, abdominal pain, paralytic ileus, & oliguria?
100
4 hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
What is preeclampsia/ecclampsia, chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia or eclampsia, & gestational hypertension?
100
This type of IV fluid should be used with caution in all types of shock because the failing liver cannot convert lactate to bicarbonate.
What is lactated ringers (LR)?
200
3 common problems for patients in the critical care environment.
What is nutrition, anxiety, pain, impaired communication, sensory-perceptual problems, & sleep problems?
200
4 causes of cardiogenic shock
What is systolic dysfunction, diasystolic dysfunction, dysrhythmias, & structural factors?
200
3 nursing actions when caring for the patient with DIC.
What is early detection of bleeding- external & internal, administration of blood products, thrombocytopenia precautions, frequent monitoring of VS, correction of underlying condition, & administration of medications (heparin, LMWH, Xigris)?
200
Only known cure for preeclampsia
What is delivery of fetus & removal of placenta?
200
2 major complications of fluid resuscitation used in treatment of shock
What is hypothermia & coagulopathy?
300
Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole and is explained by Frank-Starling's law.
What is preload?
300
Treatment for hypovolemic shock
What is placement of 2 large bore IVs & use of crystalloids & colloids IV fluid replacement. If patient remains hypotensive after CVP reached normal, then a vasopressor and/or inotrope may be added. Goal of fluid resuscitation is restoring tissue perfusion.
300
These products are produced in DIC, occurring when excessive clotting activates the fibrinolytic system, which breaks down a newly formed clot.
What is fibrin split (fibrin degradation) products?
300
3 nursing assessments while caring for the patient with preeclampsia/eclampsia?
What is see pages 307-308?
300
Components of HELLP syndrome?
What is hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, & low platelet count?
400
This is a measurement of right ventricular preload that can be measured by a pulmonary artery catheter or a central venous catheter. It is measured as a mean pressure at the end of expiration.
What is central venous pressure?
400
Describe what changes occur in the progressive stage of shock.
What is see Table 67-5 on page 1639
400
3 ways that fibrin split or fibrin degradation products interfere with blood coagulation?
What is 1- coat platelets & interfere with platelet function 2- interfere with thrombin & disrupt coagulation 3- attach to fibrinogen , which interferes with the polymerization process necessary to form a clot?
400
Therapeutic levels of magnesium. Signs of toxicity.
What is therapeutic levels are 4-7 mEq/L? Signs of toxicity: see page 311 & 313. 
400
Criteria to diagnose systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
What is hypothermia (T<96.8), fever (T>100.4), tachycardia (HR>90), tachypnea (RR>20), hypocapnia (arterial CO2<32), & leukopenia/leukocytosis? There is no confirmed infectious process in SIRS.
500
Purpose of intraortic balloon pump and conditions that require its use.
What is the IABP provides temporary circulatory assistance to the compromised heart by reducing afterload (via reduction in systolic pressure) & augmenting the aortic diastolic pressure, resulting in improved coronary blood flow. Indications- see Table 66-5 (p. 1610)
500
Describe the three major pathophysiologic effects of septic shock.
What are vasodilation, maldistribution of blood flow, & myocardial depression?
500
List 4 predisposing conditions to DIC
What is see Table 31-20 (p. 658)
500
Diagnostic criteria of severe preeclampsia
See Table 12-2 (page 304).
500
Difference between sepsis, severe sepsis, & septic shock
What is sepsis= SIRS with confirmed infectious process, severe sepsis= sepsis with organ dysfunction- hypotension-hypoperfusion to 1 or more organs, septic shock= sepsis with hypotension or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation?