Pharmacology 101
Hematopoietic & Renal Systems
Inflammation & Infection
Cardiovascular System
Antimicrobials & TB
Autonomic & Central Nervous System
Antidotes
Farrago
100
The organization responsible for approving new drugs in the United States
What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
100
Prevents clots from forming and "thins" blood.
What is an anticoagulant?
100
Drug category of Ibuprofen
What is Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) ?
100
A powerful vasodilator commonly given sublingually for chest pain
What is nitroglycerin?
100
Chemical make-up closely related to penicillins
What are Cephalosporins?
100
Analgesic that causes CNS depression
Opioids - Morphine
100
Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)
What is the antidote for Digoxin toxicity?
100
A sensory receptor for painful stimuli
What is a nociceptor?
200
An important tool that documents medications to prevent interactions and overdoses.
What is Medication Administration Record (MAR)
200
breaks apart an existing clot
What is a thrombolytic?
200
Identify the causative organism in an infection
What is a culture?
200
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, yellow-green halo around lights
What are the s/s of digoxin toxicity?
200
Known to cause Redman's Syndrome when given to quickly
What is Vancomycin?
200
Oldest and most widely used antiepileptic
Hydantoins - phenytoin
200
Naloxone (Narcan)
What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
200
Protamine sulfate
What is the antidote for Heparin overdose?
300
Right drug, Right dose, Right patient, Right route, Right time
What are the 5 Rights of medication?
300
Commonly used diuretic for management of fluid overload
Loop diuretic - furosemide (Lasix)
300
Liquify secretions so they can be easily expelled from respiratory tract
Expectorants and/or Mucolytics
300
Prevents angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II
What are ACE inhibitors?
300
Aminoglycoside used to treat gram negative aerobic organisms causing infection, many times used in combination with another antibiotic
What is gentamycin?
300
Used for treatment in active seizures and status epilepticus
What are benzodiazepines (lorazepam or diazepam)?
300
Vitamin K
What is the antidote to warfarin overdose?
300
Continuous and on-demand analgesia, requiring frequent pain and sedation monitoring
What is patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
400
The Schedule of drug that carries a high potential for abuse.
What is Schedule II
400
Powerful osmotic diuretic commonly given to decrease cerebral edema.
What is mannitol?
400
Acts as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet, and analgesic
What is salicylate (aspirin)?
400
Type of effect that causes a change in myocardial contraction
What is a Inotropic effect?
400
Fluoroquinolone used to treat gram + and gram - organisms, can cause tendon rupture
What is ciprofloxacin?
400
CNS depressant and can be used as active or preventative seizure management
What is Barbiturates (phenobarbital)?
400
Acetylcysteine and/or activated charcoal
What are antidotes for acetaminophen toxicity?
400
Single cell organism defined by shape, stain, and aerobic vs anaerobic respiration
What is bacteria?
500
The time needed for the serum level to fall by 50%
What is serum half-life
500
IV Insulin and Dextrose; Kayexalate
IV Insulin and Dextrose
500
Topical treatment for burn injury
What is silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)?
500
Classified into four categories according to mechanism of action and conduction system effect
What are antidysrhythmic Drugs?
500
Can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal, effective against gram positive organisms
What are macrolides?
500
Life threatening toxicity that manifests in circumoral numbness, metallic taste, tinnitus or auditory changes, and agitation progressing to cardiovascular collapse
What is Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)?
500
Sugammadex
What is the antidote for recuratization
500
urinary analgesic for lower UTI
What is phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium)?
600
The primary organs for absorption, metabolism, and excretion
What are the small intestine, liver, and kidneys.
600
Sexual dysfunction and gynecomastia
What are common side effects finasteride?
600
An increased risk during corticosteroid treatment
What is an infection?
600
Assess airway, provide oxygen, administer epinephrine and antihistamines
What is the treatment for anaphylaxis
600
Isoniazid, Rifampin, and Pyrazinamide or Ethambutol
What is the starting combination therapy for treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?
600
Lowers heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate. Aides in urine elimination and digestion
What are parasympathomimetic/cholinergic/cholinomimetic medications?
600
Flumazenil
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?
600
Used to treat simple lower tract UTI and turns urine brown
What is Nitrofurantoin?
700
1. Inaccurate self-diagnoses
2. Risks of choosing a wrong or contraindicated drug
3. Delayed treatment by a health care professional
4. Development of adverse drug reactions and interactions.
What are major disadvantages of using over-the-counter (OTC) medications
700
Used to treat urethra spasms in men and women
What is tamsulosin (Flomax)?
700
Analgesic and antipyretic, but lacks anti-inflammatory activity
What is acetaminophen?
700
Reaction at the IV site of a norepinephrine (Levophed) infusion
What is extravasation?
700
High prevalence of superinfections after use of this antimicrobial group
What is tetracyclines?
700
Causes complete relaxation of skeletal muscle
What is Neuromuscular blocking agent - Vecuronium
700
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium)
What is treatment for malignant hyperthermia?
700
Widely used intravenous anesthetic for mild to complete sedation
What is propofol?